Abstract
Haptic communications represent a vast area of
research focused on integrating the sense of touch into digital
sensory experiences. Achieving effective haptic communication
requires meticulous design and implementation of all subsystems.
As implied by the term, the two primary subsystems are haptic
and communication. Haptic refers to replicating the touch sensation in various applications such as augmented reality, virtual
reality and teleoperation, and communication involves optimising
network structures to transmit and receive haptic information
alongside other sensory data. In this survey paper, we discuss
both haptic interfaces and network requirements simultaneously.
For haptic interfaces, we comprehensively explore the mechanisms of touch perception, haptic sensing, and haptic feedback.
We delve into haptic sensing by examining state-of-the-art sensors
and approaches to capture data related to touch, such as pressure,
force, and motion, and translate these physical interactions into
digital data that a haptic system can interpret and respond to.
Subsequently, we discuss various methods of achieving haptic
feedback, including different mechanical actuators and electrical
stimulation. We also investigate the incorporation of artificial
intelligence in this field, proposing new areas where it could
enhance system performance. Additionally, we address open
challenges and future research directions, covering critical issues
related to privacy, data transmission, cybersickness, performance
and wearability of haptic interface, integrated systems, power
supply and evaluation of these devices. Through this interdisciplinary approach, which merges haptic feedback, haptic sensing,
and communication, our paper aims to inspire further research
and development, ultimately advancing technology and enhancing
haptic experiences.