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Energy beam focusing design for ELAA-assisted WPT system
Journal article   Peer reviewed

Energy beam focusing design for ELAA-assisted WPT system

Anjie Qiu, Shuo Sun, Donggen Li, Wenjiang Feng, Chong Huang, Pei Xiao and Rahim Tafazolli
Physical communication, Vol.77, p.103168
05/2026

Abstract

Wireless power transfer Extremely large-scale antenna arrays Radio frequency energy harvesting Beam focusing Near-field

Radio frequency wireless power transfer is a promising technique for charging low-power devices without relying on wired infrastructure. However, achieving efficient multi-user energy beam focusing remains a significant challenge, particularly in the radiating near-field of extremely large antenna arrays (ELAA) and when considering practical nonlinear energy harvesting models. The spherical wavefront propagation in the near-field zone necessitates precise phase alignment across the array to maximize energy efficiency at the receiver location. In this paper, we propose a beam focusing framework comprising two complementary schemes. For line-of-sight dominant scenarios, we design a location-aware scheme based on a spherical wave channel model constructed from user position estimates. For position-agnostic conditions, we develop an iterative algorithm that operates using received power feedback. This dual-mode approach ensures adaptability and robustness across various operating environments and information constraints. The study is further extended to incorporate hardware constraints, specifically the use of finite-resolution phase shifters. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed schemes are effective and can closely approach the performance of ideal continuous-phase implementations, highlighting their potential for practical applications.

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