Abstract
Abstract
Background: Caffeine is often used as an ergogenic aid to delay fatigue, increase arousal, and improve physical performance. Recommended caffeine doses are 3-6mg/kg BM, although evidence supports effectiveness with lower doses (<3mg/kg). With conflicted evidence and novel pouch-based and gum products providing low caffeine doses, further research is warranted. Therefore, the purpose was to investigate the effects of novel low-dose caffeine products on muscular endurance, strength, and power. Methods: A repeated-measures, crossover design (caffeinated pouch 80mg, caffeinated gum 80mg, non-caffeinated gum control 0mg) was employed, recruiting eleven males and eight females (age 22.4+4.8 yrs; weight 72.8+16.9 kg; relative caffeine dose 1.1 mg/kg). Participants completed a battery of physical tests including a 60% 1RM single leg press (LP) and shoulder press (SP) to exhaustion, counter-movement jump, and an isometric mid-thigh pull, in addition to providing ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) during endurance tests. A one-way repeated measures ANOVA was conducted on all measures associated with physical tasks, with a two-way repeated measures ANOVA conducted for RPE. Results: No significance was observed among conditions for physical tests. However, effect sizes, employing Cohen D classification, identified a moderate (d=0.55) and small (d=0.45) effect for the caffeine pouch compared to the placebo and caffeine gum for the LP respectively. Further, a small effect for the pouch compared to the placebo was observed (d=0.33) for the SP. Significant differences were observed for RPE during the LP (p=0.022), with post-hoc least significant analysis identifying significant differences between the placebo vs caffeine pouch (p=0.032) and statistical trends for placebo vs caffeine gum (p=0.060). Conclusions: Low dose caffeine has the potential to produce meaningful effects on strength endurance, likely linked to caffeine mechanisms reducing RPE.