Abstract
Studies of civil society organizations (CSOs) working on international protection related issues have typically focused on those positively disposed towards refugees, without asking either whether this is the full range of dispositions in CSOs or why negatively disposed individuals appear not to mobilize in the same way. Using a novel survey of CSOs in Europe we show that most have positive dispositions, explained by attitudes towards international protection, which incentivizes such organizational forms. By contrast, those with negative dispositions are incentivized to focus their efforts on the party-political sphere, to regulate public policy to limit international protection.