Carbon dioxide (CO2) can be used as a C1 building block for the production of fuels and chemicals. The use of catalysts in the decarbonization of CO2-rich industries via the utilization of CO2 is fundamental. Herein, the aim of this chapter is to describe the catalytic upgrading of CO2-rich industrial flue gases. Initially, the CO2 capture technologies including precombustion, postcombustion, and oxyfuel are discussed. In addition, the industries producing CO2-rich streams which are cement, steel and iron, biogas, and brewery are described. Moreover, the effect of impurities during CO2 capture and conversion into high-value chemicals and fuels are examined. Finally, the reaction pathways during which CO2 is converted into added-value fuels and chemicals are explained by emphasizing the desirable catalytic characteristics and the current catalytic limitations.