Abstract
Organ-on-chip technology has made it to the forefront of emerging technologies through its ability to better simulate the microenvironment of the target organ. This chapter will focus on lung-on-chip technology, beginning by introducing the concept of inhaled therapeutics and where absorption is targeted (upper or lower respiratory tract). The introduction will discuss the importance of lung-on-chip as a tool to study inhaled drug permeability, particularly noting the potential to monitor parameters such as physiological environment, dynamic mechanical and shear stress, transepithelial electrical resistance, and live imaging under perfusion. The authors provide and critically assess notable examples of both cell line and primary models, before discussing the importance of LOC advances and technical challenges that remain.