A Search for Faint Resolved Galaxies Beyond the Milky Way in DES Year 6: A New Faint, Diffuse Dwarf Satellite of NGC 55

M. McNanna; M. L. M. Collins; K. Bechtol; J Sakowska; S. Mau; E. O. Nadler; J. Medoff; A. Drlica-Wagner; W Cerny; D. Crnojevic; B. Mutlu-Pakdıl; A. K. Vivas; A. B. Pace; J. L. Carlin; P. S. Ferguson; D. Martinez-Delgado; C. E. Martinez-Vazquez; N. E. D. Noel; A. H. Riley; D. J. Sand; A. Smercina; E Tollerud; R Wechsler; T. M. C. Abbott; M. Aguena; O. Alves; D. Bacon; C. R. Bom; D. Brooks; D Burke; J Carballo-Bello; A. Carnero Rosell; J. Carretero; L. N. Da Costa; T. M. Davis; J De Vicente; H. T. Diehl; P. Doel; I Ferrero; J Frieman; G. Giannini; D. Gruen; G. Gutierrez; R. A. Gruendl; S. R. Hinton; D. L. Hollowood; K Honscheid; D. J. James; K Kuehn; J. L. Marshall; J. Mena-Fernandez; R. Miquel; M. E. S. Pereira; A. Pieres; A. A. Plazas Malagon; E. Sanchez; D. Sanchez Cid; B. Santiago; I Sevilla-Noarbe; M. Smith; G. S. Stringfellow; E. Suchyta; M. E. C. Swanson; G. Tarle; N. Weaverdyck; P. Wiseman

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad07d0

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A Search for Faint Resolved Galaxies Beyond the Milky Way in DES Year 6: A New Faint, Diffuse Dwarf Satellite of NGC 55

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A Search for Faint Resolved Galaxies Beyond the Milky Way in DES Year 6: A New Faint, Diffuse Dwarf Satellite of NGC 55

M. McNanna, M. L. M. Collins, K. Bechtol, J Sakowska, S. Mau, E. O. Nadler, J. Medoff, A. Drlica-Wagner, W Cerny, D. Crnojevic, …

The Astrophysical Journal, Vol.961(1), p.126

18/01/2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad07d0

Abstract

Dark energy

Data search

Dwarf galaxies

Luminosity

Milky Way

Sky surveys (astronomy)

Stars & galaxies

Surface brightness

We report results from a systematic wide-area search for faint dwarf galaxies at heliocentric distances from 0.3 to 2 Mpc using the full 6 yr of data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES). Unlike previous searches over the DES data, this search specifically targeted a field population of faint galaxies located beyond the Milky Way virial radius. We derive our detection efficiency for faint, resolved dwarf galaxies in the Local Volume with a set of synthetic galaxies and expect our search to be complete to MV ∼ (−7, −10) mag for galaxies at D = (0.3, 2.0) Mpc. We find no new field dwarfs in the DES footprint, but we report the discovery of one high-significance candidate dwarf galaxy at a distance of 2.2−0.12+0.05Mpc, a potential satellite of the Local Volume galaxy NGC 55, separated by 47′ (physical separation as small as 30 kpc). We estimate this dwarf galaxy to have an absolute V-band magnitude of −8.0−0.3+0.5mag and an azimuthally averaged physical half-light radius of 2.2−0.4+0.5kpc, making this one of the lowest surface brightness galaxies ever found with μ=32.3magarcsec−2. This is the largest, most diffuse galaxy known at this luminosity, suggesting possible tidal interactions with its host.

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Title: A Search for Faint Resolved Galaxies Beyond the Milky Way in DES Year 6: A New Faint, Diffuse Dwarf Satellite of NGC 55
Creators: M. McNanna (Author) - University of Wisconsin–Madison
M. L. M. Collins (Author) - University of Surrey, School of Maths and Physics
K. Bechtol (Author) - University of Wisconsin–Madison
J Sakowska (Author) - University of Surrey, School of Maths and Physics
S. Mau (Author) - Stanford University
E. O. Nadler (Author) - Carnegie Observatories
J. Medoff (Author) - University of Chicago
A. Drlica-Wagner (Author) - Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
W Cerny (Author) - University of Chicago
D. Crnojevic (Author) - University of Tampa
B. Mutlu-Pakdıl (Author) - Dartmouth College
A. K. Vivas (Author) - Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory
A. B. Pace (Author) - Carnegie Mellon University
J. L. Carlin (Author) - Vera C. Rubin Observatory
P. S. Ferguson (Author) - Mitchell Institute
D. Martinez-Delgado (Author) - Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía
C. E. Martinez-Vazquez (Author) - Gemini Observatory
N. E. D. Noel (Author) - University of Surrey
A. H. Riley (Author) - Durham University
D. J. Sand (Author) - University of Arizona
A. Smercina (Author) - University of Washington
E Tollerud (Author) - Space Telescope Science Institute
R Wechsler (Author) - SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
T. M. C. Abbott (Author) - Space Telescope Science Institute
M. Aguena (Author) - Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia
O. Alves (Author) - University of Michigan–Ann Arbor
D. Bacon (Author) - University of Portsmouth
C. R. Bom (Author) - Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas
D. Brooks (Author) - University College London
D Burke (Author) - Stanford University
J Carballo-Bello (Author) - ALTA
A. Carnero Rosell (Author) - Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia
J. Carretero (Author) - Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology
L. N. Da Costa (Author) - Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia
T. M. Davis (Author) - University of Queensland
J De Vicente (Author) - Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas
H. T. Diehl (Author) - Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
P. Doel (Author) - University College London
I Ferrero (Author) - University of Oslo
J Frieman (Author) - Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
G. Giannini (Author) - Universidade Aberta
D. Gruen (Author) - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
G. Gutierrez (Author) - Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
R. A. Gruendl (Author) - Clark Art Institute
S. R. Hinton (Author) - University of Queensland
D. L. Hollowood (Author)
K Honscheid (Author) - The Ohio State University
D. J. James (Author)
K Kuehn (Author) - Macquarie University
J. L. Marshall (Author) - Texas A&M University
J. Mena-Fernandez (Author) - Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas
R. Miquel (Author) - Universidade Aberta
M. E. S. Pereira (Author) - Universität Hamburg
A. Pieres (Author) - Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia
A. A. Plazas Malagon (Author) - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
E. Sanchez (Author) - Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas
D. Sanchez Cid (Author) - Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas
B. Santiago (Author) - Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia
I Sevilla-Noarbe (Author) - Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas
M. Smith (Author) - University of Southampton
G. S. Stringfellow (Author) - University of Colorado Boulder
E. Suchyta (Author) - Oak Ridge National Laboratory
M. E. C. Swanson (Author) - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
G. Tarle (Author) - University of Michigan–Ann Arbor
N. Weaverdyck (Author) - University of Michigan–Ann Arbor
P. Wiseman (Author) - University of Southampton
Publication Details: The Astrophysical Journal, Vol.961(1), p.126
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date published: 18/01/2024
Date accepted: 23/10/2023
Grants: European Union (Belgium, Brussels) - EU
National Science Foundation (United States, Arlington) - NSF
AST-2009441, National Science Foundation (United States, Arlington) - NSF
AST-1814208, National Science Foundation (United States, Arlington) - NSF
AST-1816196, National Science Foundation (United States, Arlington) - NSF
AST-1821967, National Science Foundation (United States, Arlington) - NSF
AST-2205863, National Science Foundation (United States, Arlington) - NSF
LDRD project, L2019-011, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (United States, Batavia)
Fermi Guest Investigator Program Cycle 9, 91201, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (United States, Washington) - NASA
AST-1138766, National Science Foundation (United States, Arlington) - NSF
AST-1536171, National Science Foundation (United States, Arlington) - NSF
AYA2015-71825, Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (Spain, Madrid) - MINECO
ESP2015-66861, Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (Spain, Madrid) - MINECO
FPA2015-68048, Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (Spain, Madrid) - MINECO
SEV-2016-0588, Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (Spain, Madrid) - MINECO
SEV-2016-0597, Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (Spain, Madrid) - MINECO
MDM-2015-0509, Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (Spain, Madrid) - MINECO
Government of Catalonia (Spain, Barcelona)
FP7/2007-2013, European Research Council (Belgium, Brussels) - ERC
240672, European Research Council (Belgium, Brussels) - ERC
291329, European Research Council (Belgium, Brussels) - ERC
306478, European Research Council (Belgium, Brussels) - ERC
CNPq grant, 465376/2014-2, Institutos Nacionais de Ciência e Tecnologia (Brazil, Brasília) - INCT
Grant note: M.M. and K.B. acknowledge support from NSF grant AST-2009441. Research by D.C. is supported by NSF grant AST-1814208. A.B.P. is supported by NSF grant AST-1813881. J.L.C. acknowledges support from NSF grant AST-1816196. C.E.M.V. is supported by the international Gemini Observatory, a program of NSF's NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation, on behalf of the Gemini partnership of Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, the Republic of Korea, and the United States of America. D.J.S. acknowledges support from NSF grants AST-1821967 and AST-2205863. J.A.C.-B. acknowledges support from FONDECYT Regular N 1220083. This project used data obtained with the Dark Energy Camera (DECam), which was constructed by the Dark Energy Survey (DES) collaboration. Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University, the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico and the Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey. The Collaborating Institutions are Argonne National Laboratory, the University of California at Santa Cruz, the University of Cambridge, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas-Madrid, the University of Chicago, University College London, the DES-Brazil Consortium, the University of Edinburgh, the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (IEEC/CSIC), the Institut de Física d'Altes Energies, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München and the associated Excellence Cluster Universe, the University of Michigan, the NSF's National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Laboratory, the University of Nottingham, The Ohio State University, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Portsmouth, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, the University of Sussex, Texas A&M University, and the OzDES Membership Consortium. The DELVE project is partially supported by Fermilab LDRD project L2019-011 and the NASA Fermi Guest Investigator Program Cycle 9 No. 91201. Based on observations at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, NSF's National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Laboratory (2012B-0001, PI: J. Frieman; 2019A-0305, PI: A. Drlica-Wagner; and 2021B-0307, PI: K. Bechtol) which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. The DES data management system is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. AST-1138766 and AST-1536171. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MINECO under grants AYA2015-71825, ESP2015-66861, FPA2015-68048, SEV-2016-0588, SEV-2016-0597, and MDM-2015-0509, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union. IFAE is partially funded by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya. Research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) including ERC grant agreements 240672, 291329, and 306478. We acknowledge support from the Brazilian Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT) e-Universe (CNPq grant 465376/2014-2). We use simulations from the FIRE-2 public data release (Wetzel et al. 2023). The FIRE-2 cosmological zoom-in simulations of galaxy formation are part of the Feedback In Realistic Environments (FIRE) project, generated using the Gizmo code (Hopkins 2015) and the FIRE-2 physics model (Hopkins et al. 2018). This work used data from the Symphony suite of simulations (http://web.stanford.edu/group/gfc/symphony/). This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics. Facility: Blanco - Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory's 4 meter Blanco Telescope.
Identifiers: 99853665802346
Copyright: © 2024. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
Academic Unit: School of Maths and Physics
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article

A Search for Faint Resolved Galaxies Beyond the Milky Way in DES Year 6: A New Faint, Diffuse Dwarf Satellite of NGC 55

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