Abstract
The way leaders and citizens cope with stress is undertheorised in the study of international relations (IR). This article anchors psychological studies on coping to the literature theorising emotions in IR to clarify two unaddressed questions: (1) how do political actors – individuals and collectives cope with both sudden crises and long-term change?, and (2) in the context of international politics, whose coping matters, and under what conditions? Our coping framework demonstrates intersubjective appraisal of urgency from everyday stressors triggers a process that elevates individual coping to the collective level. Circulation of coping responses, a key but neglected process of scaling up, binds individuals to affective communities. Our theoretical contribution is an innovative coping framework to explore how individual pursuit of well-being is transformed into collective agency. The methodological novelty is the triangulation of emotional representation with survey data and in-depth interviews to capture the circulation of coping responses. We illustrate our conceptual framework with the overlooked case of Hong Kong. Our findings suggest coping constitutes conditions of political possibilities in that individual Hong Kongers' efforts to sustain emotional well-being is aggregated to create momentum for a state-building project unexpected by the former British colonisers or the Chinese Communist Party.