Age-Sex differences in the global burden of lower respiinfections and risk factors, 1990-2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Hmwe Hmwe Kyu; Avina Vongpradith; Sarah Brooke Sirota; Amanda Novotney; Christopher E. Troeger; Matthew C. Doxey; Rose G. Bender; Jorge R. Ledesma; Molly H. Biehl; Samuel B. Albertson; Joseph Jon Frostad; Katrin Burkart; Fiona B. Bennitt; Jeff T. Zhao; William M. Gardner; Hailey Hagins; Dana Bryazka; Regina-Mae Villanueva Dominguez; Semagn Mekonnen Abate; Michael Abdelmasseh; Amir Abdoli; Gholamreza Abdoli; Aidin Abedi; Vida Abedi; Tadesse M. Abegaz; Hassan Abidi; Richard Gyan Aboagye; Hassan Abolhassani; Yonas Derso Abtew; Hiwa Abubaker Ali; Eman Abu-Gharbieh; Ahmed Abu-Zaid; Kidist Adamu; Isaac Yeboah Addo; Oyelola A. Adegboye; Mohammad Adnan; Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani; Muhammad Sohail Afzal; Saira Afzal; Bright Opoku Ahinkorah; Aqeel Ahmad; Araz Ramazan Ahmad; Sajjad Ahmad; Ali Ahmadi; Sepideh Ahmadi; Haroon Ahmed; Jivan Qasim Ahmed; Tarik Ahmed Rashid; Mostafa Akbarzadeh-Khiavi; Hanadi Al Hamad; Luciana Albano; Mamoon A. Aldeyab; Bezatu Mengistie Alemu; Kefyalew Addis Alene; Abdelazeem M. Algammal; Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji Alhalaiqa; Robert Kaba Alhassan; Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali; Liaqat Ali; Musa Mohammed Ali; Syed Shujait Ali; Yousef Alimohamadi; Vahid Alipour; Adel Al-Jumaily; Syed Mohamed Aljunid; Sami Almustanyir; Rajaa M. Al-Raddadi; Rami H. Hani Al-Rifai; Saif Aldeen S. AlRyalat; Nelson Alvis-Guzman; Nelson J. Alvis-Zakzuk; Edward Kwabena Ameyaw; Javad Javad Aminian Dehkordi; John H. Amuasi; Dickson A. Amugsi; Etsay Woldu Anbesu; Adnan Ansar; Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor; Jalal Arabloo; Demelash Areda; Ayele Mamo Argaw; Zeleke Gebru Argaw; Judie Arulappan; Raphael Taiwo Aruleba; Mulusew A. Asemahagn; Seyyed Shamsadin Athari; Daniel Atlaw; Engi F. Attia; Sameh Attia; Avinash Aujayeb; Tewachew Awoke; Tegegn Mulatu Ayana; Martin Amogre Ayanore; Sina Azadnajafabad; Mohammadreza Azangou-Khyavy; Samad Azari; Amirhossein Azari Jafari; Muhammad Badar; Ashish D. Badiye; Nayereh Baghcheghi; Sara Bagherieh; Atif Amin Baig; Maciej Banach; Indrajit Banerjee; Mainak Bardhan; Francesco Barone-Adesi; Hiba Jawdat Barqawi; Amadou Barrow; Azadeh Bashiri; Quique Bassat; Abdul-Monim Mohammad Batiha; Abate Bekele Belachew; Melaku Ashagrie Belete; Uzma Iqbal Belgaumi; Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula; Nikha Bhardwaj; Pankaj Bhardwaj; Parth Bhatt; Vijayalakshmi S. Bhojaraja; Zulfiqar A. Bhutta; Soumitra S. Bhuyan; Ali Bijani; Saeid Bitaraf; Belay Boda Abule Bodicha; Nikolay Ivanovich Briko; Danilo Buonsenso; Muhammad Hammad Butt; Jiao Cai; Paulo Camargos; Luis Alberto Camera; Promit Ananyo Chakraborty; Muluken Genetu Chanie; Jaykaran Charan; Vijay Kumar Chattu; Patrick R. Ching; Sungchul Choi; Yuen Yu Chong; Sonali Gajanan Choudhari; Enayet Karim Chowdhury; Devasahayam J. Christopher; Dinh-Toi Chu; Natalie L. Cobb; Aaron J. Cohen; Natalia Cruz-Martins; Omid Dadras; Fentaw Teshome Dagnaw; Xiaochen Dai; Lalit Dandona; Rakhi Dandona; An Thi Minh Dao; Sisay Abebe Debela; Biniyam Demisse; Fitsum Wolde Demisse; Solomon Demissie; Diriba Dereje; Hardik Dineshbhai Desai; Abebaw Alemayehu Desta; Belay Desye; Sameer Dhingra; Nancy Diao; Daniel Diaz; Lankamo Ena Digesa; Linh Phuong Doan; Milad Dodangeh; Deepa Dongarwar; Fariba Dorostkar; Wendel Mombaque dos Santos; Haneil Larson Dsouza; Eleonora Dubljanin; Oyewole Christopher Durojaiye; Hisham Atan Edinur; Elham Ehsani-Chimeh; Ebrahim Eini; Michael Ekholuenetale; Temitope Cyrus Ekundayo; Eman D. El Desouky; Iman El Sayed; Maysaa El Sayed Zaki; Muhammed Elhadi; Ahmed Mahmoud Rabie Elkhapery; Amir Emami; Luchuo Engelbert Bain; Ryenchindorj Erkhembayar; Farshid Etaee; Mohamad Ezati Asar; Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe; Shahab Falahi; Aida Fallahzadeh; Anwar Faraj; Emerito Jose A. Faraon; Ali Fatehizadeh; Pietro Ferrara; Allegra Allegra Ferrari; Getahun Fetensa; Florian Fischer; Joanne Flavel; Masoud Foroutan; Peter Andras Gaal; Abhay Motiramji Gaidhane; Santosh Gaihre; Nasrin Galehdar; Alberto L. Garcia-Basteiro; Tushar Garg; Mesfin Damtew Gebrehiwot; Mathewos Alemu Gebremichael; Yibeltal Yismaw Gela; Belete Negese Belete Gemeda; Bradford D. Gessner; Melaku Getachew; Asmare Getie; Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari; Mohammad Ghasemi Nour; Ahmad Ghashghaee; Ali Gholamrezanezhad; Abdolmajid Gholizadeh; Rakesh Ghosh; Sherief Ghozy; Pouya Goleij; Mohamad Golitaleb; Giuseppe Gorini; Alessandra C. Goulart; Girma Garedew Goyomsa; Habtamu Alganeh Guadie; Zewdie Gudisa; Rashid Abdi Guled; Sapna Gupta; Veer Bala Gupta; Vivek Kumar Gupta; Alemu Guta; Parham Habibzadeh; Arvin Haj-Mirzaian; Rabih Halwani; Samer Hamidi; Md Abdul Hannan; Mehdi Harorani; Ahmed Hasaballah; Hamidreza Hasani; Abbas M. 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doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00510-2

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Age-Sex differences in the global burden of lower respiinfections and risk factors, 1990-2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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Age-Sex differences in the global burden of lower respiinfections and risk factors, 1990-2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Hmwe Hmwe Kyu, Avina Vongpradith, Sarah Brooke Sirota, Amanda Novotney, Christopher E. Troeger, Matthew C. Doxey, Rose G. Bender, Jorge R. Ledesma, Molly H. Biehl, Samuel B. Albertson, …

The Lancet infectious diseases, Vol.22(11), pp.1626-1647

01/11/2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00510-2

PMID: 35964613

Abstract

Infectious Diseases

Life Sciences & Biomedicine

Science & Technology

Background The global burden of lower respiratory infections (LRIs) and corresponding risk factors in children older than 5 years and adults has not been studied as comprehensively as it has been in children younger than 5 years. We assessed the burden and trends of LRIs and risk factors across a groups by sex, for 204 countries and territories. Methods In this analysis of data for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we used dinician-diagnosed pneumonia or bronchiolitis as our case definition for LRIs. We included International Classification of Diseases 9th edition codes 079.6, 466-469, 470.0, 480-482.8, 483.0-483.9, 484.1-484.2, 484.6-484.7, and 487-489 and International Classification of Diseases 10th edition codes A48.1, A70, B97.4 B97.6, 109-115.8, J16 J16.9, J20-121.9, J91.0, P23.0 P23.4, and U04 U04.9. We used the Cause of Death Ensemble modelling strategy to analyse 23109 site-years of vital r *stration data, 825 site-years of sample vital registration data, 1766 site-years of verbal autopsy data, and 681 site-years of mortality surveillance data. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian metaregression tool, to analyse age sex-specific incidence and prevalence data identified via systematic reviews of the literature, population-based survey data, and daims and inpatient data. Additio y, we estimated age sex-specific LRI mortality that is attributable to the independent effects of 14 risk factors. Findings Globally, in 2019, we estimated that there were 257 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 240-275) LRI incident episodes in males and 232 million (217-248) in females. In the same year, LRIs accounted for 1.30 million (95% UI 1.18-1.42) male deaths and 1.20 million (1.07-1.33) female deaths. Age-standardised incidence and mortality rates were 1.17 times (95% UI 1.16-1.18) and 1.31 times (95% UI 1.23-1.41) greater in males than in fe es in 2019. Between 1990 and 2019, LRI incidence and mortality rates declined at different rates across age groups and an increase in LRI episodes and deaths was estimated among all adult age groups, with males aged 70 years and older having the highest increase in LRI episodes (126.0% [95% UI 121.4-131.1]) and deaths (100.0% [83.4-115.9]). During the same period, LRI episodes and deaths in children younger than 15 years were estimated to have decreased, and the greatest dedine was observed for LRI deaths in males younger than 5 years (-70.7% [-77.2 to 61.8]). The leading risk factors for LRI mortality varied across age groups and sex. More than half of global LRI deaths in children younger than 5 years were attributable to child wasting (population attributable fraction [PAF] 53.0% [95% UI 37.7-61.8] in males and 56.4% [40.7-65.1] in females), and more than a quarter of LRI deaths among those aged 5-14 years were attributable to household air pollution (PAF 26.0% [95% UI 16.6-35.5] for males and PAF 25.8% [16.3-35.4] for females). PAFs of male LRI deaths attributed to smoking were 20.4% (95% UI 15.4-25.2) in those aged 15-49 years, 305% (24.1-36. 9) in those aged 50-69 years, and 21.9% (16. 8-27. 3) in those aged 70 years and older. PAFs of female LRI deaths attributed to household air pollution were 21.1% (95% UI 14.5-27.9) in those aged 15-49 years and 18 " 2% (12.5-24.5) in those aged 50-69 years. For females aged 70 years and older, the leading risk factor, ambient particulate matter, was responsible for 11-7% (95% UI 8.2-15.8) of LRI deaths. Interpretation The patterns and progress in reducing the burden of LRIs and key risk factors for mortality varied across age groups and sexes. The progress seen in children you - than 5 years was dearly a result of targeted interventions, such as vaccination and reduction of exposure to risk factors. Similar interventions for other age groups could contribute to the achievement of multiple Sustainable Development Goals targets, induding promoting wellbeing at all ages and reducing health inequalities. Interventions, including addressing risk factors such as child wasting, smoking, ambient particulate matter pollution, and household air pollution, would prevent deaths and reduce health disparities. Copyright 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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Title: Age-Sex differences in the global burden of lower respiinfections and risk factors, 1990-2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Creators: Hmwe Hmwe Kyu - University of Washington
Avina Vongpradith - University of Washington
Sarah Brooke Sirota - University of Washington
Amanda Novotney - University of Washington
Christopher E. Troeger - University of Washington
Matthew C. Doxey - Seattle Indian Hlth Board, Urban Indian Hlth Inst, Seattle, WA USA
Rose G. Bender - University of Washington
Jorge R. Ledesma - University of Washington
Molly H. Biehl - World Hlth Org, Div Data Analyt & Delivery Impact, Geneva, Switzerland
Samuel B. Albertson - University of Washington
Joseph Jon Frostad - University of Washington
Katrin Burkart - University of Washington
Fiona B. Bennitt - University of Washington
Jeff T. Zhao - University of Washington
William M. Gardner - University of Washington
Hailey Hagins - University of Washington
Dana Bryazka - University of Washington
Regina-Mae Villanueva Dominguez - University of Washington
Semagn Mekonnen Abate - Dilla University
Michael Abdelmasseh - Marshall University
Amir Abdoli - Jahrom University
Gholamreza Abdoli - College Station Medical Center
Aidin Abedi - Univ Southern Calif, Dept Neurosurg, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA
Vida Abedi - Geisinger Hlth Syst, Dept Mol & Funct Genom, Danville, PA USA
Tadesse M. Abegaz - University of Gondar
Hassan Abidi - College Station Medical Center
Richard Gyan Aboagye - Supreme Council Of Health
Hassan Abolhassani - University of Tehran
Yonas Derso Abtew - Arba Minch University
Hiwa Abubaker Ali - Univ Human Dev, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
Eman Abu-Gharbieh - Univ Sharjah, Clin Sci Dept, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates
Ahmed Abu-Zaid - Alfaisal University
Kidist Adamu - Wollo University
Isaac Yeboah Addo - UNSW Sydney
Oyelola A. Adegboye - James Cook University
Mohammad Adnan - Indiana University
Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani - College Station Medical Center
Muhammad Sohail Afzal - Univ Management & Technol, Dept Life Sci, Lahore, Pakistan
Saira Afzal - Mécanique et Engrenage Moderne
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah - University of Technology Sydney
Aqeel Ahmad - Shaqra University
Araz Ramazan Ahmad - Coll Nursing Int Relat & Diplomacy, Ranya Al Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
Sajjad Ahmad - Abasyn University
Ali Ahmadi - Shahid Beheshti University
Sepideh Ahmadi - Shahrekord University
Haroon Ahmed - COMSATS Inst Informat Technol, Dept Biosci, Islamabad, Pakistan
Jivan Qasim Ahmed - University of Duhok
Tarik Ahmed Rashid - University of Kurdistan Hewler
Mostafa Akbarzadeh-Khiavi - College Station Medical Center
Hanadi Al Hamad - College Station Medical Center
Luciana Albano - University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"
Mamoon A. Aldeyab - University of Huddersfield
Bezatu Mengistie Alemu
Kefyalew Addis Alene - Curtin University
Abdelazeem M. Algammal - Suez Canal University
Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji Alhalaiqa - Philadelphia Univ, Fac Nursing, Amman, Jordan
Robert Kaba Alhassan - Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Inst Hlth Res, Ho, Ghana
Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali - Supreme Council Of Health
Liaqat Ali - College Station Medical Center
Musa Mohammed Ali - Hawassa University
Syed Shujait Ali - University of Swat
Yousef Alimohamadi - University of Tehran
Vahid Alipour - College Station Medical Center
Adel Al-Jumaily - Charles Sturt University
Syed Mohamed Aljunid - Kuwait University
Sami Almustanyir - Alfaisal University
Rajaa M. Al-Raddadi - King Abdulaziz University
Rami H. Hani Al-Rifai - United Arab Emirates University
Saif Aldeen S. AlRyalat - University of Jordan
Nelson Alvis-Guzman - University of the Coast
Nelson J. Alvis-Zakzuk - University of the Coast
Edward Kwabena Ameyaw - University of Technology Sydney
Javad Javad Aminian Dehkordi - Univ Calif Berkeley, Appl Sci & Technol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
John H. Amuasi - Kwame Nkrumah University
Dickson A. Amugsi - African Populat & Hlth Res Ctr, Maternal & Child Wellbeing Dept, Nairobi, Kenya
Etsay Woldu Anbesu - Samara Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Samara, Ethiopia
Adnan Ansar - La Trobe University
Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor - Charles Sturt University
Jalal Arabloo - College Station Medical Center
Demelash Areda - Ottawa University
Ayele Mamo Argaw - Madda Walabu Univ, Dept Clin Pharm, Goba, Ethiopia
Zeleke Gebru Argaw - Arba Minch University
Judie Arulappan - Sultan Qaboos University
Raphael Taiwo Aruleba - University of Cape Town
Mulusew A. Asemahagn - Bahir Dar University
Seyyed Shamsadin Athari - College Station Medical Center
Daniel Atlaw - Madda Walabu Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Goba, Ethiopia
Engi F. Attia - University of Washington
Sameh Attia - University of Giessen
Avinash Aujayeb - National Health Service Scotland
Tewachew Awoke - Bahir Dar University
Tegegn Mulatu Ayana - Arba Minch University
Martin Amogre Ayanore - Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dept Hlth Policy Planning & Management, Ho, Ghana
Sina Azadnajafabad - University of Tehran
Mohammadreza Azangou-Khyavy - University of Tehran
Samad Azari - College Station Medical Center
Amirhossein Azari Jafari - Supreme Council Of Health
Muhammad Badar - Gomal Univ, Gomal Ctr Biochem & Biotechnol, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
Ashish D. Badiye - Govt Inst Forens Sci, Dept Forens Sci, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
Nayereh Baghcheghi - College Station Medical Center
Sara Bagherieh - Supreme Council Of Health
Atif Amin Baig - Sultan Zainal Abidin University
Maciej Banach - College Station Medical Center
Indrajit Banerjee - College Station Medical Center
Mainak Bardhan - Enter
Francesco Barone-Adesi - College Station Medical Center
Hiba Jawdat Barqawi - Univ Sharjah, Clin Sci Dept, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates
Amadou Barrow - University of the Gambia
Azadeh Bashiri - Shiraz University
Quique Bassat - Universitat de Barcelona
Abdul-Monim Mohammad Batiha - Philadelphia Univ, Fac Nursing, Amman, Jordan
Abate Bekele Belachew - Arba Minch University
Melaku Ashagrie Belete - Wollo University
Uzma Iqbal Belgaumi - College Station Medical Center
Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula - Charles University
Nikha Bhardwaj - College Station Medical Center
Pankaj Bhardwaj - College Station Medical Center
Parth Bhatt - College Station Medical Center
Vijayalakshmi S. Bhojaraja - University of Bahrain
Zulfiqar A. Bhutta - Aga Khan Univ, Ctr Global Child Hlth, Karachi, Pakistan
Soumitra S. Bhuyan - Rutgers State Univ, Hlth Adm, New Brunswick, NJ USA
Ali Bijani - College Station Medical Center
Saeid Bitaraf - Biostat
Belay Boda Abule Bodicha - Arba Minch University
Nikolay Ivanovich Briko - Sechenov First Moscow State Med Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Evidence Based Med, Moscow, Russia
Danilo Buonsenso - Agostino Gemelli Univ Polyclin IRCCS, Dept Woman & Child Hlth & Publ Hlth, Rome, Italy
Muhammad Hammad Butt - Univ Cent Punjab, Fac Pharm, Lahore, Pakistan
Jiao Cai - Chongqing University
Paulo Camargos - Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Pediat, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Luis Alberto Camera - College Station Medical Center
Promit Ananyo Chakraborty - University of British Columbia
Muluken Genetu Chanie - Wollo University
Jaykaran Charan - College Station Medical Center
Vijay Kumar Chattu - College Station Medical Center
Patrick R. Ching - College Station Medical Center
Sungchul Choi - Yonsei University
Yuen Yu Chong - Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Nethersole Sch Nursing, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
Sonali Gajanan Choudhari - College Station Medical Center
Enayet Karim Chowdhury - Curtin University
Devasahayam J. Christopher - College Station Medical Center
Dinh-Toi Chu - Supreme Council Of Health
Natalie L. Cobb - University of Washington
Aaron J. Cohen - University of Washington
Natalia Cruz-Martins - Universidade do Porto
Omid Dadras - Walailak University
Fentaw Teshome Dagnaw - Debre Tabor University
Xiaochen Dai - University of Washington
Lalit Dandona - University of Washington
Rakhi Dandona - University of Washington
An Thi Minh Dao - University of Queensland
Sisay Abebe Debela - Supreme Council Of Health
Biniyam Demisse - Arba Minch University
Fitsum Wolde Demisse - Arba Minch University
Solomon Demissie - Arba Minch University
Diriba Dereje - Jimma University
Hardik Dineshbhai Desai - College Station Medical Center
Abebaw Alemayehu Desta - University of Gondar
Belay Desye - Adigrat Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Adigrat, Ethiopia
Sameer Dhingra - Natl Inst Pharmaceut Educ & Res, Dept Pharm Practice, Hajipur, India
Nancy Diao - Harvard University
Daniel Diaz - Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Complex Sci, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Lankamo Ena Digesa - Arba Minch University
Linh Phuong Doan - Duy Tan University
Milad Dodangeh - Supreme Council Of Health
Deepa Dongarwar - College Station Medical Center
Fariba Dorostkar - College Station Medical Center
Wendel Mombaque dos Santos - Oswaldo Cruz German Hosp, Responsabilidade Social, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Haneil Larson Dsouza - College Station Medical Center
Eleonora Dubljanin - University of Belgrade
Oyewole Christopher Durojaiye - University of Sheffield
Hisham Atan Edinur - Supreme Council Of Health
Elham Ehsani-Chimeh - University of Tehran
Ebrahim Eini - College Station Medical Center
Michael Ekholuenetale - University of Ibadan
Temitope Cyrus Ekundayo - College Station Medical Center
Eman D. El Desouky - Cairo University
Iman El Sayed - Alexandria University
Maysaa El Sayed Zaki - Mansoura University
Muhammed Elhadi - University of Tripoli
Ahmed Mahmoud Rabie Elkhapery - College Station Medical Center
Amir Emami - Shiraz University
Luchuo Engelbert Bain - University of Lincoln
Ryenchindorj Erkhembayar - College Station Medical Center
Farshid Etaee - Yale University
Mohamad Ezati Asar - Semnan Univ Med Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Educ & Hlth Promot, Semnan, Iran
Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe - University of Ibadan
Shahab Falahi - Ilam University
Aida Fallahzadeh - University of Tehran
Anwar Faraj - Univ Human Dev, Dept Polit Sci, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
Emerito Jose A. Faraon - University of the Philippines Manila
Ali Fatehizadeh - College Station Medical Center
Pietro Ferrara - University of Milano-Bicocca
Allegra Allegra Ferrari - University of Genoa
Getahun Fetensa - Wollega University
Florian Fischer - Charite Med Univ Berlin, Inst Publ Hlth, Berlin, Germany
Joanne Flavel - Flinders University
Masoud Foroutan - College Station Medical Center
Peter Andras Gaal - Semmelweis University
Abhay Motiramji Gaidhane - College Station Medical Center
Santosh Gaihre - Ulster Univ, Nutr Innovat Ctr Food & Hlth, Coleraine, Londonderry, North Ireland
Nasrin Galehdar - Lorestan University
Alberto L. Garcia-Basteiro - Manhica Hlth Res Ctr, Dept TB, Manhica, Mozambique
Tushar Garg - Mécanique et Engrenage Moderne
Mesfin Damtew Gebrehiwot - Wollo University
Mathewos Alemu Gebremichael - Arba Minch University
Yibeltal Yismaw Gela - University of Gondar
Belete Negese Belete Gemeda - Debre Berhan University
Bradford D. Gessner - Pfizer Vaccines, Collegeville, PA USA
Melaku Getachew - Haramaya University
Asmare Getie - Arba Minch University
Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari - University of Tehran
Mohammad Ghasemi Nour - College Station Medical Center
Ahmad Ghashghaee - Supreme Council Of Health
Ali Gholamrezanezhad - Univ Southern Calif, Dept Radiol, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA
Abdolmajid Gholizadeh - College Station Medical Center
Rakesh Ghosh - Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Global Hlth Sci, San Francisco, CA USA
Sherief Ghozy - Mayo Clin, Dept Radiol, Rochester, MN USA
Pouya Goleij - Sana Inst Higher Educ, Dept Genet, Sari, Iran
Mohamad Golitaleb - Arak University
Giuseppe Gorini - Florence
Alessandra C. Goulart - University of Sao Paulo
Girma Garedew Goyomsa - Salale Univ, Publ Hlth Dept, Fitche, Ethiopia
Habtamu Alganeh Guadie - Bahir Dar University
Zewdie Gudisa - Madda Walabu Univ, Dept Anesthesia, Goba, Ethiopia
Rashid Abdi Guled - Jigjiga University
Sapna Gupta - Shriram Inst Ind Res, Toxicol Dept, Delhi, India
Veer Bala Gupta
Vivek Kumar Gupta - Deakin University
Alemu Guta - Dire Dawa University
Parham Habibzadeh - Shiraz University
Arvin Haj-Mirzaian - Shahid Beheshti University
Rabih Halwani - Univ Sharjah, Clin Sci Dept, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates
Samer Hamidi - Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University
Md Abdul Hannan - Bangladesh Agr Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
Mehdi Harorani - Arak University
Ahmed Hasaballah - Al Azhar Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, Cairo, Egypt
Hamidreza Hasani - IUMS, Dept Ophthalmol, Karaj, Iran
Abbas M. Hassan - Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Plast Surg, Houston, TX USA
Shokoufeh Hassani - University of Tehran
Hossein Hassanian-Moghaddam - Shahid Beheshti University
Hadi Hassankhani - Supreme Council Of Health
Khezar Hayat - Univ Vet & Anim Sci, Inst Pharmaceut Sci, Lahore, Pakistan
Behzad Heibati - University of Oulu
Mohammad Heidari - Shahrekord University
Demisu Zenbaba Heyi - Madda Walabu Univ, Enviromental Hlth Epidemiol & Hlth Educ Dept, Robe, Ethiopia
Kamal Hezam - Taiz University
Ramesh Holla - College Station Medical Center
Sung Hwi Hong - Yonsei University
Nobuyuki Horita - Yokohama City University
Mohammad-Salar Hosseini - College Station Medical Center
Mehdi Hosseinzadeh - Univ Human Dev, Dept Comp Sci, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
Mihaela Hostiuc - College Station Medical Center
Mowafa Househ - Hamad bin Khalifa University
Soodabeh Hoveidamanesh - Shahid Motahari Hosp, Burn Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Junjie Huang - Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Jockey Club Sch Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
Nawfal R. Hussein - University of Zakho
Ivo Iavicoli - University of Naples Federico II
Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye - University of Ibadan
Kevin S. Ikuta - University of Washington
Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi - University of Ibadan
Irena M. Ilic - University of Belgrade
Milena D. Ilic - University of Kragujevac
Mustapha Immurana - Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Inst Hlth Res, Ho, Ghana
Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail - Mahsa University
Masao Iwagami - University of Tsukuba
Jalil Jaafari - College Station Medical Center
Elham Jamshidi - Shahid Beheshti University
Sung-In Jang - Yonsei University
Amirreza Javadi Mamaghani - Shahid Beheshti University
Tahereh Javaheri - Boston University
Fatemeh Javanmardi - Shiraz University
Javad Javidnia - College Station Medical Center
Sathish Kumar Jayapal - Minist Hlth, Ctr Studies & Res, Muscat, Oman
Umesh Jayarajah - University of Colombo
Shubha Jayaram - College Station Medical Center
Alelign Tasew Jema - Madda Walabu Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Goba, Ethiopia
Wonjeong Jeong - Yonsei University
Jost B. Jonas - Inst Mol & Clin Ophthalmol Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Nitin Joseph - College Station Medical Center
Farahnaz Joukar - College Station Medical Center
Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak - College Station Medical Center
K. Vaishali - Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Physiotherapy, Manipal, Karnataka, India
Zubair Kabir - Supreme Council Of Health
Salah Eddine Oussama Kacimi - College Station Medical Center
Vidya Kadashetti - College Station Medical Center
Laleh R. Kalankesh - College Station Medical Center
Rohollah Kalhor - College Station Medical Center
Ashwin Kamath - College Station Medical Center
Bhushan Dattatray Kamble - College Station Medical Center
Himal Kandel - University of Sydney
Tesfaye K. Kanko - Arba Minch University
Ibraheem M. Karaye - Hofstra University
Andre Karch - University of Münster
Samad Karkhah - College Station Medical Center
Bekalu Getnet Kassa - Debre Tabor University
Patrick D. M. C. Katoto - Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo
Harkiran Kaur - Publ Hlth Fdn India, Dept Res, Gurugram, India
Rimple Jeet Kaur - College Station Medical Center
Leila Keikavoosi-Arani - Supreme Council Of Health
Mohammad Keykhaei - University of Tehran
Yousef Saleh Khader - Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Publ Hlth, Irbid, Jordan
Himanshu Khajuria
Ejaz Ahmad Khan - Biostat
Gulfaraz Khan - United Arab Emirates University
Imteyaz A. Khan - Rutgers State Univ, Dept Pediat, New Brunswick, NJ USA
Maseer Khan - Jazan University
Md Nuruzzaman Khan
Moien A. B. Khan - United Arab Emirates University
Yusra H. Khan - Jouf Univ, Dept Clin Pharm, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
Moawiah Mohammad Khatatbeh - Yarmouk University
Mina Khosravifar - College Station Medical Center
Jagdish Khubchandani - New Mexico State University
Min Seo Kim - Samsung Adv Inst Hlth Sci & Technol, Dept Genom & Digital Hlth, Seoul, South Korea
Ruth W. Kimokoti - Simmons University
Adnan Kisa - Supreme Council Of Health
Sezer Kisa - Oslo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Nursing & Hlth Promot, Oslo, Norway
Niranjan Kissoon - University of British Columbia
Luke D. Knibbs - University of Sydney
Sonali Kochhar - University of Washington
Farzad Kompani - University of Tehran
Hamid Reza Koohestani - College Station Medical Center
Vladimir Andreevich Korshunov - Sechenov First Moscow State Med Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Evidence Based Med, Moscow, Russia
Soewarta Kosen
Parvaiz A. Koul - College Station Medical Center
Ai Koyanagi - Catalan Inst Res & Adv Studies, Barcelona, Spain
Kewal Krishan - Panjab University
Barthelemy Kuate Defo - Université de Montréal
G. Anil Kumar
Om P. Kurmi - Coventry University
Ambily Kuttikkattu - Usha Hosp, Dept Nephrol, Chengannur, India
Dharmesh Kumar Lal - Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India
Judit Lam - Semmelweis University
Ivan Landires - College Station Medical Center
Caterina Ledda - University of Catania
Sang-woong Lee - Gachon University
Miriam Levi - Florence
Sonia Lewycka - University of Oxford
Gang Liu - University of Technology Sydney
Wei Liu - Chongqing University
Rakesh Lodha - College Station Medical Center
Laszlo Lorenzovici - Syreon Res Romania, Dept Hlth Econ, Targu Mures, Romania
Mojgan Lotfi - College Station Medical Center
Joana A. Loureiro - Universidade do Porto
Farzan Madadizadeh - Yazd University
Ata Mahmoodpoor - College Station Medical Center
Razzagh Mahmoudi - College Station Medical Center
Marzieh Mahmoudimanesh - Biostat
Jamal Majidpoor - College Station Medical Center
Alaa Makki - Univ Sharjah, Mass Commun Dept, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates
Elaheh Malakan Rad - University of Tehran
Ahmad Azam Malik - King Abdulaziz University
Tauqeer Hussain Mallhi - Jouf Univ, Dept Clin Pharm, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
Yosef Manla - Cleveland Clin Abu Dhabi, Heart & Vasc Inst, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates
Clara N. Matei - College Station Medical Center
Alexander G. Mathioudakis - University of Manchester
Richard James Maude - University of Oxford
Entezar Mehrabi Nasab - University of Tehran
Addisu Melese - Bahir Dar University
Ziad A. Memish - Alfaisal University
Oliver Mendoza-Cano - University of Colima
Alexios-Fotios A. Mentis - National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
Tuomo J. Meretoja - Helsinki Univ Hosp, Breast Surg Unit, Helsinki, Finland
Mehari Woldemariam Merid - University of Gondar
Tomislav Mestrovic - University of Washington
Ana Carolina Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sa - Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Maternal & Child Nursing & Publ Hlth, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Gelana Fekadu Worku Mijena - Haramaya University
Le Huu Nhat Minh - College Station Medical Center
Shabir Ahmad Mir - Majmaah University
Reza Mirfakhraie - Shahid Beheshti University
Seyyedmohammadsadeq Mirmoeeni - Supreme Council Of Health
Agha Zeeshan Mirza - Umm Al Qura Univ, Dept Chem, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
Moonis Mirza - College Station Medical Center
Mohammad Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari - College Station Medical Center
Abay Sisay Misganaw - Addis Ababa University
Awoke Temesgen Misganaw - University of Washington
Esmaeil Mohammadi - University of Tehran
Mokhtar Mohammadi - Lebanese French University
Arif Mohammed - Univ Jeddah, Dept Biol, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Shafiu Mohammed - Ahmadu Bello University
Syam Mohan - Jazan University
Mohammad Mohseni - College Station Medical Center
Nagabhishek Moka - Appalachian Reg Healthcare, Oncol Dept, Hazard, KY USA
Ali H. Mokdad - University of Washington
Sara Momtazmanesh - University of Tehran
Lorenzo Monasta - Burlo Garofolo Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Clin Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Res Unit, Trieste, Italy
Md Moniruzzaman - University of Queensland
Fateme Montazeri - Shahid Beheshti University
Catrin E. Moore - University of Oxford
Abdolvahab Moradi - Golestan University
Lidia Morawska - Queensland University of Technology
Jonathan F. Mosser - University of Washington
Ebrahim Mostafavi - Stanford University
Majid Motaghinejad - Shahid Beheshti University
Haleh Mousavi Isfahani - College Station Medical Center
Seyed Ali Mousavi-Aghdas - College Station Medical Center
Sumaira Mubarik - Wuhan University
Efren Murillo-Zamora - College Station Medical Center
Ghulam Mustafa - College Station Medical Center
Sanjeev Nair - World Hlth Org, Hlth Workforce Dept, Geneva, Switzerland
Tapas Sadasivan Nair
Houshang Najafi - College Station Medical Center
Atta Abbas Naqvi - University of Reading
Sreenivas Narasimha Swamy - College Station Medical Center
Zuhair S. Natto - King Abdulaziz University
Biswa Prakash Nayak - Amity Univ, Amity Inst Forens Sci, Noida, India
Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi - Shahid Beheshti University
Huy Van Nguyen Nguyen - Federat Univ Australia, Hlth Innovat & Transformat Ctr, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Robina Khan Niazi - Int Islamic Univ Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
Antonio Tolentino Nogueira de Sa - Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Clin Med, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Hasti Nouraei - Shiraz University
Ali Nowroozi - University of Tehran
Virginia Nunez-Samudio - College Station Medical Center
Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam - Univ Benin, Ctr Excellence Reprod Hlth Innovat, Benin, Nigeria
Ogochukwu Janet Nzoputam - Benson Idahosa University
Bogdan Oancea - University of Bucharest
Chimedsuren Ochir - College Station Medical Center
Oluwakemi Ololade Odukoya - University of Lagos
Hassan Okati-Aliabad - College Station Medical Center
Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle - University of Ibadan
Osaretin Christabel Okonji - University of the Western Cape
Andrew T. Olagunju - McMaster University
Isaac Iyinoluwa Olufadewa - University of Ibadan
Ahmed Omar Bali - Univ Human Dev, Diplomacy & Publ Relat Dept, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
Emad Omer - Ajman University
Eyal Oren - University of Washington
Erika Ota - St Lukes Int Univ, Dept Global Hlth Nursing, Chuo Ku, Tokyo, Japan
Nikita Otstavnov - Moscow Inst Phys & Technol, Lab Publ Hlth Indicators Anal & Hlth Digitalizat, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia
Abderrahim Oulhaj - Khalifa University of Science and Technology
P. A. Mahesh - College Station Medical Center
Jagadish Rao Padubidri - College Station Medical Center
Keyvan Pakshir - Shiraz University
Reza Pakzad - Ilam University
Tamas Palicz - Semmelweis University
Anamika Pandey - Publ Hlth Fdn India, Dept Res, Gurugram, India
Suman Pant - Nepal Hlth Res Council, Clin Res, Kathmandu, Nepal
Shahina Pardhan - Anglia Ruskin University
Eun-Cheol Park - Yonsei University
Eun-Kee Park - Yonsei University
Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan - College Station Medical Center
Rajan Paudel - Tribhuvan University
Shrikant Pawar - Yale University
Minjin Peng - Taihe Hosp, Dept Infect Control, Shiyan, Peoples R China
Gavin Pereira - Curtin University
Simone Perna - University of Bahrain
Navaraj Perumalsamy - Yadava Coll, Dept Zool, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
Ionela-Roxana Petcu - Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania
David M. Pigott - University of Washington
Zahra Zahid Piracha - Hlth Serv Acad, Dept Publ Hlth, Islamabad, Pakistan
Vivek Podder - Mécanique et Engrenage Moderne
Roman Polibin - Sechenov First Moscow State Med Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Evidence Based Med, Moscow, Russia
Maarten J. Postma - University of Groningen
Hamid Pourasghari - College Station Medical Center
Naeimeh Pourtaheri - College Station Medical Center
Mirza Muhammad Fahd Qadir - Tulane University
Mathieu Raad - Merieux Fdn, Int Operat Dept, Lyon, France
Mohammad Rabiee - Macquarie University
Navid Rabiee - Macquarie University
Saber Raeghi - College Station Medical Center
Alireza Rafiei - College Station Medical Center
Fakher Rahim - University of Tehran
Mehran Rahimi - College Station Medical Center
Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar - University of Tehran
Azizur Rahman - Charles Sturt University
Md Obaidur Rahman
Mosiur Rahman - La Trobe University
Muhammad Aziz Rahman
Amir Masoud Rahmani - Natl Yunlin Univ Sci & Technol, Future Technol Res Ctr, Huangshi, Hubei, Peoples R China
Vahid Rahmanian - Jahrom University
Pradhum Ram - Emory University
Kiana Ramezanzadeh - Shahid Beheshti University
Juwel Rana - McGill University
Priyanga Ranasinghe - University of Colombo
Usha Rani - Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Hlth Innovat, Udupi, India
Sowmya J. Rao - Sharavathi Dent Coll & Hosp, Dept Oral Pathol, Shimogga, India
Sina Rashedi - University of Tehran
Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi - University of Tehran
Azad Rasul - Soran University
Zubair Ahmed Ratan - Khulna University
David Laith Rawaf - Imperial Coll London, WHO Collaborating Ctr Publ Hlth Educ & Training, London, England
Salman Rawaf - Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England
Reza Rawassizadeh - Boston University
Mohammad Sadegh Razeghinia - College Station Medical Center
Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed Redwan - King Abdulaziz University
Marissa B. Reitsma - University of Washington
Andre M. N. Renzaho - Western Sydney University
Mohsen Rezaeian - Biostat
Abanoub Riad - Masaryk University
Reza Rikhtegar - Supreme Council Of Health
Jefferson Antonio Buendia Rodriguez - Universidad de Antioquia
Emma L. B. Rogowski - University of Washington
Luca Ronfani - Burlo Garofolo Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Clin Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Res Unit, Trieste, Italy
Kristina E. Rudd - University of Pittsburgh
Basema Saddik - Univ Sharjah, Sharjah Inst Med Res, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates
Erfan Sadeghi - Biostat
Umar Saeed - Islamabad Diagnost Ctr Pakistan, Res & Dev, Islamabad, Pakistan
Azam Safary - Connect
Sher Zaman Safi - Mahsa University
Maryam Sahebazzamani - Supreme Council Of Health
Amirhossein Sahebkar - College Station Medical Center
Sateesh Sakhamuri - Univ West Indies, Dept Clin Med Sci, St Augustine, Trinidad Tobago
Sana Salehi - Univ Southern Calif, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informat Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA
Muhammad Salman - University of Lahore
Hossein Samadi Kafil - College Station Medical Center
Abdallah M. Samy - Ain Shams University
Milena M. Santric-Milicevic - University of Belgrade
Bruno Piassi Sao Jose - Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Infect Dis & Trop Med, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Maryam Sarkhosh - University of Tehran
Brijesh Sathian - College Station Medical Center
Monika Sawhney - Univ North Carolina Charlotte, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Charlotte, NC USA
Ganesh Kumar Saya - College Station Medical Center
Abdul-Aziz Seidu - University of Cape Coast
Allen Seylani - NHLBI, NIH, Rockville, MD USA
Amira A. Shaheen - An Najah Natl Univ, Publ Hlth Div, Nablus, Palestine
Masood Ali Shaikh
Elaheh Shaker - University of Tehran
Hina Shamshad - University of Karachi
Mequannent Melaku Sharew - University of Gondar
Asaad Sharhani - College Station Medical Center
Azam Sharifi - Supreme Council Of Health
Purva Sharma - College Station Medical Center
Ali Sheidaei - University of Tehran
Suchitra M. Shenoy - College Station Medical Center
Jeevan K. Shetty - University of Bahrain
Damtew Solomon Shiferaw - Madda Walabu Univ, Dept Anat, Goba, Ethiopia
Mika Shigematsu - Natl Inst Infect Dis, Tokyo, Japan
Jae Il Shin - Yonsei University
Hesamaddin Shirzad-Aski - Golestan University
K. M. Shivakumar - College Station Medical Center
Siddharudha Shivalli - Supreme Council Of Health
Parnian Shobeiri - University of Tehran
Wudneh Simegn - University of Gondar
Colin R. Simpson - Victoria University of Wellington
Harpreet Singh - College Station Medical Center
Jasvinder A. Singh - University of Alabama
Paramdeep Singh - College Station Medical Center
Samarjeet Singh Siwal - Maharishi Markandeshwar Deemed Be Univ, Dept Chem, Mullana, India
Valentin Yurievich Skryabin - Moscow Res & Pract Ctr Addict, Dept 16, Moscow, Russia
Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina - College Station Medical Center
Mohammad Sadegh Soltani-Zangbar - College Station Medical Center
Suhang Song - Columbia University
Yimeng Song - Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Land Surveying & Geoinformat, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
Prashant Sood - College Station Medical Center
Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy - College Station Medical Center
Paschalis Steiropoulos - Democritus University of Thrace
Muhammad Suleman - University of Swat
Seyed-Amir Tabatabaeizadeh - College Station Medical Center
Alireza Tahamtan - Golestan University
Majid Taheri - Shahid Beheshti University
Moslem Taheri Soodejani - Biostat
Elahe Taki - University of Tehran
Iman M. Talaat - Univ Sharjah, Clin Sci Dept, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates
Mircea Tampa - Victor
Sarmila Tandukar - Policy Res Inst, Dept Sci Technol & Nat Resources, Kathmandu, Nepal
Nathan Y. Tat - Rice University
Vivian Y. Tat - College Station Medical Center
Yibekal Manaye Tefera - Dire Dawa University
Gebremaryam Temesgen - Arba Minch University
Mohamad-Hani Temsah - King Saud University
Azene Tesfaye - Arba Minch University
Degefa Gomora Tesfaye - Madda Walabu Univ, Dept Midwifery, Robe, Ethiopia
Belay Tessema - University of Gondar
Rekha Thapar - College Station Medical Center
Jansje Henny Vera Ticoalu - Univ Sam Ratulangi, Fac Publ Hlth, Manado, Indonesia
Amir Tiyuri - Biostat
Imad I. Tleyjeh - Mayo Clin, Div Infect Dis, Rochester, MN USA
Munkhsaikhan Togtmol - Natl Ctr Traumatol & Orthoped, Gen Dept Surg, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone - University of Sao Paulo
Derara Girma Tufa - Biostat
Irfan Ullah - Univ Management & Technol, Dept Life Sci, Lahore, Pakistan
Era Upadhyay - Amity Univ Rajasthan, Amity Inst Biotechnol, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Sahel Valadan Tahbaz - Milad Gen Hosp, Clin Canc Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Pascual R. Valdez - College Station Medical Center
Rohollah Valizadeh - College Station Medical Center
Constantine Vardavas - University of Crete
Tommi Juhani Vasankari - UKK Inst, Tampere, Finland
Bay Vo - HUTECH Univ, Fac Informat Technol, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Linh Gia Vu - Duy Tan University
Birhanu Wagaye - Wollo University
Yasir Waheed - College Station Medical Center
Yu Wang - Peking University
Abdul Waris - City University of Hong Kong
T. Eoin West - University of Washington
Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe - Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Xiaoyue Xu - UNSW Sydney
Sajad Yaghoubi - Iranshahr University
Gahin Abdulraheem Tayib Yahya - University of Duhok
Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari
Dong Keon Yon - Kyung Hee University
Naohiro Yonemoto - Natl Ctr Neurol & Psychiat, Dept Neuropsychopharmacol, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
Burhan Abdullah Zaman - University of Duhok
Alireza Zandifar - Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Radiol, Philadelphia, PA USA
Moein Zangiabadian - Shahid Beheshti University
Heather J. Zar - University of Cape Town
Iman Zare - BioChem Technology
Zahra Zareshahrabadi - Shiraz University
Armin Zarrintan - College Station Medical Center
Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin - Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Bioengn & Therapeut Sci, San Francisco, CA USA
Wu Zeng - Georgetown University
Mengxi Zhang - Ball State University
Zhi-Jiang Zhang - Wuhan University
Chenwen Zhong - Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Jockey Club Sch Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
Mohammad Zoladl - College Station Medical Center
Alimuddin Zumla - NIHR
Stephen S. Lim - University of Washington
Theo Vos - University of Washington
Mohsen Naghavi - University of Washington
Michael Brauer - University of Washington
Simon Hay - University of Washington
Christopher J. L. Murray - University of Washington
GBD 2019 LRI Collaborators
Publication Details: The Lancet infectious diseases, Vol.22(11), pp.1626-1647
Publisher: Elsevier
Number of pages: 22
Date published: 01/11/2022
Grant note: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; CGIAR
Identifiers: 99777923402346
Academic Unit: School of Sustainability, Civil and Environmental Engineering
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article

Age-Sex differences in the global burden of lower respiinfections and risk factors, 1990-2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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