Abstract
Meeting the 2050 net zero carbon target requires all sectors of civil engineering to include the
reduction of carbon emissions within their designs. This paper presents the development and
early achievements of a Carbon Reduction Design Tool (CReDiT) for excavation and clean
cover remediation of brownfield sites. The tool was developed for this remediation technique as
it is the dominant remediation method used on residential redevelopment sites within the UK.
CReDiT determines carbon emissions from the complex processes involved in this form of
remediation, e.g., excavation of soil, use of raw materials, transport of material and the waste,
recycling and reuse of materials. The application of the tool, to evaluate carbon emissions from
excavation and cover remediation options applied to a former landfill site, is presented. In this
case study, CReDiT quantifies carbon emissions and material volumes for proposed design
options. It also demonstrates the carbon savings that can be made by the effective reuse of
material onsite and the contribution of waste materials to carbon emissions. Additional carbon
savings through the reuse or recycling of carbon-rich or valuable materials are also calculated.
The use of CReDiT has led to a rethink of remediation excavation and cover design. Excavated
/waste materials are re-evaluated as a resource; material reuse options are assessed and
carbon reduction is included in the design process. This leads to more sustainable remediation
solutions.
