Electric Vehicle Charging: A Survey on the Security Issues and Challenges of the Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP)

Zacharenia Garofalaki; Dimitrios Kosmanos; Sotiris Moschoyiannis; Dimitrios Kallergis; Christos Douligeris

doi:10.1109/COMST.2022.3184448

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Electric Vehicle Charging: A Survey on the Security Issues and Challenges of the Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP)

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

Electric Vehicle Charging: A Survey on the Security Issues and Challenges of the Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP)

Zacharenia Garofalaki, Dimitrios Kosmanos, Sotiris Moschoyiannis, Dimitrios Kallergis and Christos Douligeris

IEEE Communications surveys and tutorials, Vol.24(3), pp.1504-1533

20/06/2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2022.3184448

Abstract

Automobiles

Charging stations

Electric vehicle (EV)

Electric vehicle charging

open charge point protocol (OCPP)

plug-in electric vehicle (PEV)

privacy

Protocols

Security

Standards

Vehicle-to-grid

vehicle-to-grid (V2G)

The increased use of smart Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEV) opened a new area of research and development. The number of EV charging sites has considerably increased in residential as well as in public areas. Within these EV charging sites, various entities need to communicate in a secure and efficient way. The Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) offers a way to coordinate this communication and is already being used in many implementations. However, only the latest OCPP 2.0 version of the protocol includes certain security features. In this article, we present the entities that take part in an OCPP-based smart charging scenario, we identify security issues and threats and present solutions that have been proposed by scholars. We identify open security issues for OCPP and propose future research directions for the security enhancement of the protocol.

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Title: Electric Vehicle Charging: A Survey on the Security Issues and Challenges of the Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP)
Creators: Zacharenia Garofalaki - University of Piraeus
Dimitrios Kosmanos - Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
Sotiris Moschoyiannis - University of Surrey, Department of Computer Science
Dimitrios Kallergis - University of West Attica
Christos Douligeris - University of Piraeus
Publication Details: IEEE Communications surveys and tutorials, Vol.24(3), pp.1504-1533
Publisher: IEEE
Date published: 20/06/2022
Identifiers: 99693066102346
Copyright: © 2022 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.”
Academic Unit: Department of Computer Science
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article
SDG (Scopus 2023): SDG 7

Electric Vehicle Charging: A Survey on the Security Issues and Challenges of the Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP)

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