Abstract
As a consequence of its particulate nature, soil exhibits a highly complex response to applied loads and deformations. Traditionally, geotechnical engineers have coupled continuum numerical analysis tools (such as the finite element method) with complex constitutive models to analyze soil response. This approach does not explicitly consider the particle-scale interactions underlying the macro-scale response observed in the laboratory and field. With increasing computational speeds, particle-based discrete element methods are becoming popular amongst geotechnical engineers in both research and practice. On a practical level discrete element methods are particularly useful for studying finite deformation problems, while from a more theoretical perspective they can be used to create virtual laboratories where the micro-mechanics of soil response can be analyzed in detail. This paper describes a series of validation studies that were performed to confirm that, despite their inherent simplifications, discrete element methods can accurately capture the macro-scale response of granular materials. It is shown that, once validated, these methods can provide useful information to explain the complex response exhibited by granular materials in conventional laboratory tests.