Abstract
Kovar is widely used as a metal for glass-to-metal seals because of its compatible coefficient of thermal expansion. A thick, well adhering oxide is desired on the metal to form a strong bond to glass. Surface oxide formed on Kovar samples preoxidised at 700 and 800 °C for ten minutes have been analysed. Each sample showed the presence of Fe_2O_3, CoO and NiO. XPS survey spectra and high resolution narrow scans were collected and are presented.