Abstract
Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) techniques at both Fe and Mn K-edges were used to investigate the formation of MnFe2O4 nanoparticles embedded in a silica aerogel matrix as a function of calcination temperature (at 450, 750 and 900 1C). Up to 450 1C, two separated highly-disordered phases of iron and manganese are present. With increasing the temperature (to 750 and 900 1C), the structure of aerogel nanoparticles becomes progressively similar to that of the spinel structure MnFe2O4 (jacobsite). Quantitative determination of cations distribution in the spinel structure shows that aerogels calcined at 750 and 900 1C have a degree of inversion i = 0.20. A pure jacobsite sample synthesised by co-precipitation and used as a reference compound shows a much higher degree of inversion (i = 0.70). The different distribution of iron and manganese cations in the octahedral and tetrahedral sites in pure jacobsite and in the aerogels can be ascribed to partial oxidation of Mn2+ to Mn3+ in pure jacobsite, confirmed by XANES analysis, probably due to the synthesis conditions.