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COLREG-Compliant Machine Learning for Safe and Legal Autonomous Maritime Navigation
Conference paper   Peer reviewed

COLREG-Compliant Machine Learning for Safe and Legal Autonomous Maritime Navigation

Alfie Anthony Treloar, Dany Varghese, Shubhi Verma, Alireza Tamaddoni-Nezhad and Alan Hunter
OCEANS 2025 - Great Lakes, pp.1-8
OCEANS, Marine Technology Society
25/11/2025

Abstract

autonomy Cognition Decision making inductive logic programming Lakes Logic programming Oceans Sensors Law Logic Machine Learning Maritime Law Navigation
This paper presents preliminary work on integrating symbolic learning and reasoning into autonomous maritime systems using inductive logic programming (ILP). A key challenge in operationalising ILP is bridging the gap between continuous sensing and actuation data and discrete symbolic logic. We propose a framework that enables autonomous vessels to query maritime rules (COLREGs) and learn from human oversight. Using the ILP system PyGol, we demonstrate the learning of COLREG Rule 13 for overtaking situations from discretised bearing data, and further explore the learning of an exception to Rule 15 for crossing situations through examples inspired by case law. These results show the potential for interpretable, legally compliant decision-making and lay the groundwork for learning more complex rules in dynamic maritime environments.
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