Abstract
When exposed to an antigen challenge, B cells enhance their antibody production and refine their antigen recognition to mount a quicker and more effective response upon future encounters with the same antigen. B cell memory also involves the generation of long-lived plasma cells producing antibodies and memory B cells primed for future antigen responses. Memory B cells exhibit diversity influenced by the antigen type and environment, affecting immunoglobulin heavy chain isotype, cell longevity, and recall response types. This chapter emphasizes the importance of understanding human memory B cell diversity and highlights current challenges in reconciling mouse and human evidence with different surface markers.