Towns and cities across the world, including in Nepal, are increasingly facing various challenges. These include, but are not limited to, poor air quality, the loss of urban biodiversity and rising temperatures. These challenges are being intensified by rapid urbanisation, traffic emissions, limited green space and climate change, which together degrade the urban environment and adversely affect the residents' health and quality of life.

Urban greening provides a practical and cost-effective response through nature-based solutions such as urban tree planting, green corridors, maintaining public parks, green roofs, and riverfront restoration, which help filter air pollutants, create habitats for native species and cool dense urban areas. When strategically planned and tailored to local climatic and geographic conditions, these measures protect public health, enhance biodiversity, and improve urban liveability, while strengthening climate resilience, clean and breathable air, and biodiversity supporting more sustainable and healthy Nepali towns and cities.