Logo image
Optimal Energy Management of a Hybrid Multi Fuel Cell Heavy Duty Vehicle
Preprint   Open access

Optimal Energy Management of a Hybrid Multi Fuel Cell Heavy Duty Vehicle

Mohammad Ghazali, Kezban Piliç, Haluk Atasoy and Ahu Ece Hartavi Karci
17/04/2026
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15126/902078

Abstract

Heavy Duty Vehicle Multi Fuel Cell Powertrain Optimal Gear Shifting Fuel Cell Power Distribution Hydrogen Consumption Optimization

This paper investigates opportunities to reduce hydrogen consumption in a hybrid heavy-duty vehicle powered by an electric machine (EM) and multiple fuel cells (FC). Rather than relying solely on high-level energy management algorithms, the study first exploits the inherent energy-saving potential of the powertrain. Two key opportunities are examined: optimal gear shifting to improve EM operating efficiency and optimal power distribution among FCs. A longitudinal vehicle model is used to relate wheel power demand to EM torque and speed, enabling the evaluation of FC power requirements. An optimization routine determines the optimal gear for each EM operating point, while an optimal load allocation strategy distributes power among FCs considering their performance characteristics and remaining useful life. Results for the Paris–Munich ESCALATE drive cycle show that optimal gear selection reduces EM power demand by up to 50 kW, and optimal FC power distribution lowers hydrogen consumption by up to 3.1%.

pdf
EVS39_FinalPaper-P2_preprint977.26 kBDownloadView
Preprint (Author's original) Open Access CC BY V4.0

Metrics

1 File views/ downloads
1 Record Views

Details

Logo image

Usage Policy