Abstract
We propose an electromagnetic wireless channel model for highly accurate target localization in radar-like sensing scenarios within scattering environments. The model employs a self-consistent method grounded in wave scattering theory and imposing boundary conditions, providing the (impedance) channel transfer matrix for a propagation channel with a single target. The model is: i) physics-based, as it includes electromagnetic interactions among objects; ii) unified, as it is valid in both near-and far-field regions; and iii) universal, as it scales across any frequency band and characterizes objects of arbitrary material properties. Localization accuracy is assessed via the derivation of the Cramér–Rao lower bound for a dielectric cylinder with variable position, radius, and dielectric constant. Provisions for future extensions to asymmetric targets are discussed in the context of 3GPP channel modeling.