Abstract
Self-actualization is described as an individual's expression of their full potential and a desire for self-fulfilment. It is the leading need in Maslow's hierarchical motivation theory (Maslow, 1943 Maslow , A. H. ( 1943 ). Conflict, frustration, and the theory of threat . Journal of Abnormal Social Psychology , 38 , 81 – 86 . [CrossRef] ) which does not specify an age range for each level, believing that individuals progress through the hierarchy at different rates. However, he recognises older adults are more likely than young adults to be concerned with higher motivation (Maslow, 1970 Maslow , A. H. ( 1970 ). Motivation and personality . New York : Harper & Row . ). Previous work has revealed that people over the age of 36 have a tendency to be concerned with higher motives and people under this age with lower motives (Reiss & Havercamp, 2005 Reiss , S. , & Havercamp , S. M. ( 2005 ). Motivation in a developmental context: A new method for studying self-actualization . Journal of Humanistic Psychology , 45 , 41 – 53 . [CrossRef], [Web of Science ®] ). This study looks at the influence of age on the level of self-actualization and discovered that on 8 out of the 12 Personal Orientation Inventory (POI) scales, participants over the age of 36 showed higher levels of self-actualization than participants under the age of 36. These results indicate the relevance of developmental issues in this matter and back up the hypothesis that there is a relationship between one's age and levels of self-actualization. However, results also showed a degree of overlap of self-actualization scores across age groups, suggesting further research may find other important factors, beyond age, which have a relationship with self-actualization.