Abstract
Aqueous Zn-MnO2 batteries using mild electrolyte show great potential in large-scale energy storage (LSES) application, due to high safety and low cost. However, structure collapse of manganese oxides upon cycling caused by the conversion mechanism (e.g., from tunnel to layer structures for alpha-, beta-, and gamma-phases) is one of the most urgent issues plaguing its practical applications. Herein, to avoid the phase conversion issue and enhance battery performance, a structurally robust novel phase of manganese oxide MnO2H0.16(H2O)(0.27) (MON) nanosheet with thickness of approximate to 2.5 nm is designed and synthesized as a promising cathode material, in which a nanosheet structure combined with a novel H+/Zn2+ synergistic intercalation mechanism is demonstrated and evidenced. Accordingly, a high-performance Zn/MON cell is achieved, showing a high energy density of approximate to 228.5 Wh kg(-1), impressive cyclability with capacity retention of 96% at 0.5 C after 300 cycles, as well as exhibiting rate performance of 115.1 mAh g(-1) at current rate of 10 C. To the best current knowledge, this H+/Zn2+ synergistic intercalation mechanism is first reported in an aqueous battery system, which opens a new opportunity for development of high-performance aqueous Zn ion batteries for LSES.