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Ultra-Massive MIMO with Orthogonal Chirp Division Multiplexing for Near-Field Sensing and Communication Integration
Journal article   Peer reviewed

Ultra-Massive MIMO with Orthogonal Chirp Division Multiplexing for Near-Field Sensing and Communication Integration

Ziwei Wan, Zhen Gao, Fabien Héliot, Qu Luo, Pei Xiao, Haiyang Zhang, Christos Masouros, Yonina C. Eldar and Sheng Chen
IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol.In Press(In Press)
29/05/2026

Abstract

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) ultra-massive multiple-input multiple-output (UM-MIMO) nearfield sensing orthogonal chirp division multiplexing (OCDM)

This paper integrates the emerging ultra-massive multiple-input multiple-output (UM-MIMO) technique with orthogonal chirp division multiplexing (OCDM) waveform to tackle the challenging near-field integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) problem. Specifically, we conceive a comprehensive ISAC architecture, where an UM-MIMO base station adopts OCDM waveform for communications and a co-located sensing receiver adopts the frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) detection principle to simplify the associated hardware. For sensing tasks, several OCDM subcarriers, namely, dedicated sensing subcarriers (DSSs), are each transmitted through a dedicated sensing antenna (DSA) within the transmit antenna array. By judiciously designing the DSS selection scheme and optimizing receiver parameters, the FMCW-based sensing receiver can decouple the echo signals from different DSAs with significantly reduced hardware complexity. This setup enables the estimation of ranges and velocities of near-field targets in an antenna-pairwise manner. Moreover, by leveraging the spatial diversity of UM-MIMO, we introduce the concept of virtual bistatic sensing (VIBS), which incorporates the estimates from multiple antenna pairs to achieve high-accuracy target positioning and three-dimensional velocity measurement. The VIBS paradigm is immune to hostile channel environments characterized by spatial non-stationarity and uncorrelated multipath environment. Furthermore , the channel estimation of UM-MIMO OCDM systems enhanced by the sensing results is investigated. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed ISAC scheme enhances sensing accuracy, and also benefits communication performance. Index Terms—Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), ultra-massive multiple-input multiple-output (UM-MIMO), near-field sensing, orthogonal chirp division multiplexing (OCDM).

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Author's Accepted Manuscript Restricted. Access maybe granted on request., This file will be open access upon publication. CC BY V4.0

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