Purpose: This study aims to extend the conceptualization of hotel demand resilience from the spatial and temporal perspectives and operationalize the conceptualization by developing a systematic analytical framework to comprehensively examine the spatial and temporal dynamics hotel demand resilience.

Methodology: To operationalize the extended conceptualization of hotel demand resilience, this study extends the standard spatial model by integrating time-varying features to accurately capture the spatial and temporal dynamics of hotel demand resilience among Asian destinations as a panel.

Findings: The spillover interaction of hotel demand resilience varied as the pandemic evolved, with a higher magnitude at the beginning of the shock. Breaking down the analysis of policy stringency and hotel resilience at the local level reveal heterogeneous policy effects.  

Implications: This study offers practical insights for hotel industry stakeholders by highlighting how varying levels of demand resilience across Asian destinations in response to crises can inform more effective crisis management and recovery strategies, emphasizing the importance of spatial collaboration, policy alignment, and diversification of tourist source markets.

Originality/Value: This study is the first to apply a time-varying parameter (TVP) spatial modeling framework to tourism and hospitality research. The findings concerning the evolving nature of hotel resilience spillover contribute to the hospitality and resilience literature.

Keywords: Hotel resilience, spatial spillovers, time-varying parameter, policy stringency, spatial heterogeneity