Abstract
Utilisation of solar thermal energy in forward osmosis (FO) can provide an attractive method for seawater desalination. This study presents a novel process for the regeneration of dimethyl ether (DME) as a draw solute in FO using thermal energy from a solar pond. The location considered for this process is Chabahar (Iran) which benefits from a very high solar irradiance and access to an abundance of seawater from the Sea of Oman making it an ideal location for the proposed process. The average daily volume of desalinated water produced using this process coupled to a solar pond of 10,000 m2 was determined. It is indicated that a solar pond of such moderate size can drive a forward osmosis plant to provide 5,210 m3 of freshwater in the first two years of operation in Chabahar. The proposed process provides freshwater at varying rates throughout the year and benefits from a very low electricity consumption rate of 0.46 kWh per cubic metre of desalinated water offering a viable option for solar desalination. Considering that there are vast uninhabited coastal areas particularly in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, the proposed method can contribute towards addressing the growing potable water scarcity.