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On the expected payoff and true probability of exercise of European options
Journal article   Peer reviewed

On the expected payoff and true probability of exercise of European options

M Shackleton and R Wojakowski
Applied Economics Letters, Vol.8(4), pp.269-271
2001

Abstract

The continuous-time formula for expected payoff to holding an option, which nests several major pricing tools, is derived. It is shown also that under current market conditions the true exercise probability, N(d4), lies halfway between the two more familiar terms: N(d1) and N(d2).

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