Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Nancy Fullman; Jamal Yearwood; Solomon M. Abay; Cristiana Abbafati; Foad Abd-Allah; Jemal Abdela; Ahmed Abdelalim; Zegeye Abebe; Teshome Abuka Abebo; Victor Aboyans; Haftom Niguse Abraha; Daisy M. X. Abreu; Laith J. Abu-Raddad; Akilew Awoke Adane; Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin; Olatunji Adetokunboh; Tara Ballav Adhikari; Mohsen Afarideh; Ashkan Afshin; Gina Agarwal; Dominic Agius; Anurag Agrawal; Sutapa Agrawal; Aliasghar Ahmad Kiadaliri; Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour; Mohammed Akibu; Rufus Olusola Akinyemi; Tomi F. Akinyemiju; Nadia Akseer; Faris Hasan Al Lami; Fares Alahdab; Ziyad Al-Aly; Khurshid Alam; Tahiya Alam; Deena Alasfoor; Mohammed I. Albittar; Kefyalew Addis Alene; Ayman Al-Eyadhy; Syed Danish Ali; Mehran Alijanzadeh; Syed M. Aljunid; Ala'a Alkerwi; Francois Alla; Peter Allebeck; Christine Allen; Mahmoud A. Alomari; Rajaa Al-Raddadi; Ubai Alsharif; Khalid A. Altirkawi; Nelson Alvis-Guzman; Azmeraw T. Amare; Kebede Amenu; Walid Ammar; Yaw Ampem Amoako; Nahla Anber; Catalina Liliana Andrei; Sofia Androudi; Carl Abelardo T. Antonio; Valdelaine E. M. Araujo; Olatunde Aremu; Johan Arnlov; Al Artaman; Krishna Kumar Aryal; Hamid Asayesh; Ephrem Tsegay Asfaw; Solomon Weldegebreal Asgedom; Rana Jawad Asghar; Mengistu Mitiku Ashebir; Netsanet Abera Asseffa; Tesfay Mehari Atey; Sachin R. Atre; Madhu S. Atteraya; Leticia Avila-Burgos; Euripide Frinel G. Arthur Avokpaho; Ashish Awasthi; Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla; Animut Alebel Ayalew; Henok Tadesse Ayele; Rakesh Ayer; Tambe Betrand Ayuk; Peter Azzopardi; Natasha Azzopardi-Muscat; Tesleem Kayode Babalola; Hamid Badali; Alaa Badawi; Maciej Banach; Amitava Banerjee; Amrit Banstola; Ryan M. Barber; Miguel A. Barboza; Suzanne L. Barker-Collo; Till Baernighausen; Simon Barquera; Lope H. Barrero; Quique Bassat; Sanjay Basu; Bernhard T. Baune; Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi; Neeraj Bedi; Ettore Beghi; Masoud Behzadifar; Meysam Behzadifar; Bayu Begashaw Bekele; Abate Bekele Belachew; Saba Abraham Belay; Yihalem Abebe Belay; Michelle L. Bell; Aminu K. Bello; Derrick A. Bennett; James R. Bennett; Isabela M. Bensenor; Derbew Fikadu Berhe; Eduardo Bernabe; Robert Steven Bernstein; Mircea Beuran; Ashish Bhalla; Paurvi Bhatt; Soumyadeep Bhaumik; Zulfiqar A. Bhutta; Belete Biadgo; Ali Bijani; Boris Bikbov; Charles Birungi; Stan Biryukov; Hailemichael Bizuneh; Ian W. Bolliger; Kaylin Bolt; Ibrahim R. Bou-Orm; Kayvan Bozorgmehr; Oliver Jerome Brady; Alexandra Brazinova; Nicholas J. K. Breitborde; Hermann Brenner; Gabrielle Britton; Traolach S. Brugha; Zahid A. Butt; Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado; Ismael Ricardo Campos-Nonato; Julio Cesar Campuzano; Josip Car; Mate Car; Rosario Cardenas; Juan Jesus Carrero; Felix Carvalho; Carlos A. Castaneda-Orjuela; Jacqueline Castillo Rivas; Ferran Catala-Lopez; Kelly Cercy; Julian Chalek; Hsing-Yi Chang; Jung-Chen Chang; Aparajita Chattopadhyay; Pankaj Chaturvedi; Peggy Pei-Chia Chiang; Vesper Hichilombwe Chisumpa; Jee-Young J. Choi; Hanne Christensen; Devasahayam Jesudas Christopher; Sheng-Chia Chung; Liliana G. Ciobanu; Massimo Cirillo; Danny Colombara; Sara Conti; Cyrus Cooper; Leslie Cornaby; Paolo Angelo Cortesi; Monica Cortinovis; Alexandre Costa Pereira; Ewerton Cousin; Michael H. Criqui; Elizabeth A. Cromwell; Christopher Stephen Crowe; John A. Crump; Alemneh Kabeta Daba; Berihun Assefa Dachew; Abel Fekadu Dadi; Lalit Dandona; Rakhi Dandona; Paul I. Dargan; Ahmad Daryani; Maryam Daryani; Jai Das; Siddharth Kumar Das; Jose das Neves; Nicole Davis Weaver; Kairat Davletov; Barbora de Courten; Diego De Leo; Jan-Walter De Neve; Robert P. Dellavalle; Gebre Demoz; Kebede Deribe; Don C. Des Jarlais; Subhojit Dey; Samath D. Dharmaratne; Meghnath Dhimal; Shirin Djalalinia; David Teye Doku; Kate Dolan; E. Ray Dorsey; Kadine Priscila Bender dos Santos; Kerrie E. Doyle; Tim R. Driscoll; Manisha Dubey; Eleonora Dubljanin; Bruce Bartholow Duncan; Michelle Echko; Dumessa Edessa; David Edvardsson; Joshua R. Ehrlich; Erika Eldrenkamp; Ziad El-Khatib; Matthias Endres; Aman Yesuf Endries; Babak Eshrati; Sharareh Eskandarieh; Alireza Esteghamati; Mahdi Fakhar; Tamer Farag; Mahbobeh Faramarzi; Emerito Jose Aquino Faraon; Andre Faro; Farshad Farzadfar; Adesegun Fatusi; Mir Sohail Fazeli; Valery L. Feigin; Andrea B. Feigl; Netsanet Fentahun; Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad; Eduarda Fernandes; Joao C. Fernandes; Daniel Obadare Fijabi; Irina Filip; Florian Fischer; Christina Fitzmaurice; Abraham D. Flaxman; Luisa Sorio Flor; Nataliya Foigt; Kyle J. Foreman; Joseph J. Frostad; Thomas Fuerst; Neal D. Futran; Emmanuela Gakidou; Silvano Gallus; Ketevan Gambashidze; Amiran Gamkrelidze; Morsaleh Ganji; Abadi Kahsu Gebre; Tsegaye Tewelde Gebrehiwot; Amanuel Tesfay Gebremedhin; Yalemzewod Assefa Gelaw; Johanna M. Geleijnse; Demeke Geremew; Peter W. Gething; Reza Ghadimi; Khalil Ghasemi Falavarjani; Maryam Ghasemi-Kasman; Paramjit Singh Gill; Ababi Zergaw Giref; Maurice Giroud; Melkamu Dedefo Gishu; Giorgia Giussani; William W. Godwin; Srinivas Goli; Hector Gomez-Dantes; Philimon N. Gona; Amador Goodridge; Sameer Vali Gopalani; Yevgeniy Goryakin; Alessandra Carvalho Goulart; Ayman Grada; Max Griswold; Giuseppe Grosso; Harish Chander Gugnani; Yuming Guo; Rahul Gupta; Rajeev Gupta; Tanush Gupta; Tarun Gupta; Vipin Gupta; Juanita A. Haagsma; Vladimir Hachinski; Nima Hafezi-Nejad; Gessessew Bugssa Hailu; Randah Ribhi Hamadeh; Samer Hamidi; Graeme J. Hankey; Hilda L. Harb; Heather C. Harewood; Sivadasanpillai Harikrishnan; Josep Maria Haro; Hamid Yimam Hassen; Rasmus Havmoeller; Caitlin Hawley; Simon I. Hay; Jiawei He; Stephen J. C. Hearps; Mohamed I. Hegazy; Behzad Heibati; Mohsen Heidari; Delia Hendrie; Nathaniel J. Henry; Victor Hugo Herrera Ballesteros; Claudiu Herteliu; Desalegn Tsegaw Hibstu; Molla Kahssay Hiluf; Hans W. Hoek; Enayatollah Homaie Rad; Nobuyuki Horita; H. Dean Hosgood; Mostafa Hosseini; Seyed Reza Hosseini; Mihaela Hostiuc; Sorin Hostiuc; Damian G. Hoy; Mohamed Hsairi; Aung Soe Htet; Guoqing Hu; John J. Huang; Kim Moesgaard Iburg; Fachmi Idris; Ehimario Uche Igumbor; Chad Ikeda; Bogdan Vasile Ileanu; Olayinka S. Ilesanmi; Kaire Innos; Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani; Caleb M. S. Irvine; Farhad Islami; Troy A. Jacobs; Kathryn H. Jacobsen; Nader Jahanmehr; Rajesh Jain; Sudhir Kumar Jain; Mihajlo M. Jakovljevic; Moti Tolera Jalu; Amr A. Jamal; Mehdi Javanbakht; Achala Upendra Jayatilleke; Panniyammakal Jeemon; Ravi Prakash Jha; Vivekanand Jha; Jacek Jozwiak; Oommen John; Sarah Charlotte Johnson; Jost B. Jonas; Vasna Joshua; Mikk Juerisson; Zubair Kabir; Rajendra Kadel; Amaha Kahsay; Rizwan Kalani; Chittaranjan Kar; Marina Karanikolos; Andre Karch; Corine Kakizi Karema; Seyed M. Karimi; Amir Kasaeian; Dessalegn Haile Kassa; Getachew Mullu Kassa; Tesfaye Dessale Kassa; Nicholas J. Kassebaum; Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi; Anil Kaul; Norito Kawakami; Konstantin Kazanjan; Seifu Kebede; Peter Njenga Keiyoro; Grant Rodgers Kemp; Andre Pascal Kengne; Maia Kereselidze; Ezra Belay Ketema; Yousef Saleh Khader; Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie; Alireza Khajavi; Ibrahim A. Khalil; Ejaz Ahmad Khan; Gulfaraz Khan; Md Nuruzzaman Khan; Muhammad Ali Khan; Mukti Nath Khanal; Young-Ho Khang; Mona M. Khater; Abdullah Tawfih Abdullah Khoja; Ardeshir Khosravi; Jagdish Khubchandani; Getiye Dejenu Kibret; Daniel Ngari Kiirithio; Daniel Kim; Yun Jin Kim; Ruth W. Kimokoti; Yohannes Kinfu; Sanjay Kinra; Adnan Kisa; Niranjan Kissoon; Sonali Kochhar; Yoshihiro Kokubo; Jacek A. Kopec; Soewarta Kosen; Parvaiz A. Koul; Ai Koyanagi; Michael Kravchenko; Kewal Krishan; Kristopher J. Krohn; Barthelemy Kuate Defo; G. Anil Kumar; Pushpendra Kumar; Michael Kutz; Igor Kuzin; Hmwe H. Kyu; Deepesh Pravinkumar Lad; Alessandra Lafranconi; Dharmesh Kumar Lal; Ratilal Lalloo; Hilton Lam; Qing Lan; Justin J. Lang; Van C. Lansingh; Sonia Lansky; Anders Larsson; Arman Latifi; Jeffrey Victor Lazarus; Janet L. Leasher; Paul H. Lee; Yirga Legesse; James Leigh; Cheru Tesema Leshargie; Samson Leta; Janni Leung; Ricky Leung; Miriam Levi; Yongmei Li; Juan Liang; Misgan Legesse Liben; Lee-Ling Lim; Stephen S. Lim; Margaret Lind; Shai Linn; Stefan Listl; Patrick Y. Liu; Shiwei Liu; Rakesh Lodha; Alan D. 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Singh; Lavanya Singh; Narinder Pal Singh; Virendra Singh; Dhirendra Narain Sinha; Abiy Hiruye Sinke; Mekonnen Sisay; Vegard Skirbekk; Karen Sliwa; Alison Smith; Adauto Martins Soares Filho; Badr H. A. Sobaih; Melek Somai; Samir Soneji; Moslem Soofi; Reed J. D. Sorensen; Joan B. Soriano; Ireneous N. Soyiri; Luciano A. Sposato; Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy; Vinay Srinivasan; Jeffrey D. Stanaway; Vasiliki Stathopoulou; Nicholas Steel; Dan J. Stein; Mark Andrew Stokes; Lela Sturua; Muawiyyah Babale Sufiyan; Rizwan Abdulkader Suliankatchi; Bruno F. Sunguya; Patrick J. Sur; Bryan L. Sykes; P. N. Sylaja; Cassandra E. I. Szoeke; Rafael Tabares-Seisdedos; Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla; Andualem Henok Tadesse; Getachew Redae Taffere; Nikhil Tandon; Amare Tariku Tariku; Nuno Taveira; Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi; Girma Temam Shifa; Mohamad-Hani Temsah; Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi; Azeb Gebresilassie Tesema; Dawit Jember Tesfaye; Belay Tessema; J. S. Thakur; Nihal Thomas; Matthew J. Thompson; Taavi Tillmann; Quyen G. To; Ruoyan Tobe-Gai; Marcello Tonelli; Roman Topor-Madry; Fotis Topouzis; Anna Torre; Miguel Tortajada; Bach Xuan Tran; Khanh Bao Tran; Avnish Tripathi; Srikanth Prasad Tripathy; Christopher Troeger; Thomas Truelsen; Derrick Tsoi; Lorainne Tudor Car; Kald Beshir Tuem; Stefanos Tyrovolas; Uche S. Uchendu; Kingsley Nnanna Ukwaja; Irfan Ullah; Rachel Updike; Olalekan A. Uthman; Benjamin S. Chudi Uzochukwu; Pascual Ruben Valdez; Job F. M. van Boven; Santosh Varughese; Tommi Vasankari; Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian; Francesco S. Violante; Sergey K. Vladimirov; Vasiliy Victorovich Vlassov; Stein Emil Vollset; Theo Vos; Fasil Wagnew; Yasir Waheed; Mitchell T. Wallin; Judd L. Walson; Yafeng Wang; Yuan-Pang Wang; Molla Mesele Wassie; Marcia R. Weaver; Elisabete Weiderpass; Robert G. Weintraub; Jordan Weiss; Kidu Gidey Weldegwergs; Andrea Werdecker; T. Eoin West; Ronny Westerman; Richard G. White; Harvey A. Whiteford; Justyna Widecka; Andrea Sylvia Winkler; Charles Shey Wiysonge; Charles D. A. Wolfe; Yohanes Ayele Wondimkun; Abdulhalik Workicho; Grant M. A. Wyper; Denis Xavier; Gelin Xu; Lijing L. Yan; Yuichiro Yano; Mehdi Yaseri; Nigus Bililign Yimer; Peng Yin; Paul Yip; Biruck Desalegn Yirsaw; Naohiro Yonemoto; Gerald Yonga; Seok-Jun Yoon; Marcel Yotebieng; Mustafa Z. Younis; Chuanhua Yu; Vesna Zadnik; Zoubida Zaidi; Maysaa El Sayed Zaki; Sojib Bin Zaman; Mohammad Zamani; Zerihun Menlkalew Zenebe; Maigeng Zhou; Jun Zhu; Stephanie R. M. Zimsen; Ben Zipkin; Sanjay Zodpey; Liesl Joanna Zuhlke; Christopher J. L. Murray; Rafael Lozano; GBD 2016 Healthcare Access and Quality Collaborators

doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30994-2

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Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

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Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Nancy Fullman, Jamal Yearwood, Solomon M. Abay, Cristiana Abbafati, Foad Abd-Allah, Jemal Abdela, Ahmed Abdelalim, Zegeye Abebe, Teshome Abuka Abebo, Victor Aboyans, …

The Lancet (British edition), Vol.391(10136), pp.2236-2271

2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30994-2

PMCID: PMC5986687

PMID: 29893224

Abstract

Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi

Health Sciences

Hälsovetenskaper

Medical and Health Sciences

Medicin och hälsovetenskap

Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology

Background: A key component of achieving universal health coverage is ensuring that all populations have access to quality health care. Examining where gains have occurred or progress has faltered across and within countries is crucial to guiding decisions and strategies for future improvement. We used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) to assess personal health-care access and quality with the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index for 195 countries and territories, as well as subnational locations in seven countries, from 1990 to 2016. Methods: Drawing from established methods and updated estimates from GBD 2016, we used 32 causes from which death should not occur in the presence of effective care to approximate personal health-care access and quality by location and over time. To better isolate potential effects of personal health-care access and quality from underlying risk factor patterns, we risk-standardised cause-specific deaths due to non-cancers by location-year, replacing the local joint exposure of environmental and behavioural risks with the global level of exposure. Supported by the expansion of cancer registry data in GBD 2016, we used mortality-to-incidence ratios for cancers instead of risk-standardised death rates to provide a stronger signal of the effects of personal health care and access on cancer survival. We transformed each cause to a scale of 0-100, with 0 as the first percentile (worst) observed between 1990 and 2016, and 100 as the 99th percentile (best); we set these thresholds at the country level, and then applied them to subnational locations. We applied a principal components analysis to construct the HAQ Index using all scaled cause values, providing an overall score of 0-100 of personal health-care access and quality by location over time. We then compared HAQ Index levels and trends by quintiles on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary measure of overall development. As derived from the broader GBD study and other data sources, we examined relationships between national HAQ Index scores and potential correlates of performance, such as total health spending per capita. Findings: In 2016, HAQ Index performance spanned from a high of 97.1 (95% UI 95.8-98.1) in Iceland, followed by 96.6 (94.9-97.9) in Norway and 96.1 (94.5-97.3) in the Netherlands, to values as low as 18.6 (13.1-24.4) in the Central African Republic, 19.0 (14.3-23.7) in Somalia, and 23.4 (20.2-26.8) in Guinea-Bissau. The pace of progress achieved between 1990 and 2016 varied, with markedly faster improvements occurring between 2000 and 2016 for many countries in sub-Saharan Africa and southeast Asia, whereas several countries in Latin America and elsewhere saw progress stagnate after experiencing considerable advances in the HAQ Index between 1990 and 2000. Striking subnational disparities emerged in personal health-care access and quality, with China and India having particularly large gaps between locations with the highest and lowest scores in 2016. In China, performance ranged from 91.5 (89.1-936) in Beijing to 48.0 (43.4-53.2) in Tibet (a 43.5-point difference), while India saw a 30.8-point disparity, from 64.8 (59.6-68.8) in Goa to 34.0 (30.3-38.1) in Assam. Japan recorded the smallest range in subnational HAQ performance in 2016 (a 4.8-point difference), whereas differences between subnational locations with the highest and lowest HAQ Index values were more than two times as high for the USA and three times as high for England. State-level gaps in the HAQ Index in Mexico somewhat narrowed from 1990 to 2016 (from a 20.9-point to 17.0-point difference), whereas in Brazil, disparities slightly increased across states during this time (a 17.2-point to 20.4-point difference). Performance on the HAQ Index showed strong linkages to overall development, with high and high-middle SDI countries generally having higher scores and faster gains for non-communicable diseases. Nonetheless, countries across the development spectrum saw substantial gains in some key health service areas from 2000 to 2016, most notably vaccine-preventable diseases. Overall, national performance on the HAQ Index was positively associated with higher levels of total health spending per capita, as well as health systems inputs, but these relationships were quite heterogeneous, particularly among low-to-middle SDI countries. Interpretation: GBD 2016 provides a more detailed understanding of past success and current challenges in improving personal health-care access and quality worldwide. Despite substantial gains since 2000, many low-SDI and middle-SDI countries face considerable challenges unless heightened policy action and investments focus on advancing access to and quality of health care across key health services, especially non-communicable diseases. Stagnating or minimal improvements experienced by several low-middle to high-middle SDI countries could reflect the complexities of re-orienting both primary and secondary health-care services beyond the more limited foci of the Millennium Development Goals. Alongside initiatives to strengthen public health programmes, the pursuit of universal health coverage upon improving both access and quality worldwide, and thus requires adopting a more comprehensive view and subsequent provision of quality health care for all populations.

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Title: Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations
Creators: Nancy Fullman - University of Washington
Jamal Yearwood - University of Washington
Solomon M. Abay - Addis Ababa University
Cristiana Abbafati - Univ Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
Foad Abd-Allah - Cairo University
Jemal Abdela - Haramaya University
Ahmed Abdelalim - Cairo University
Zegeye Abebe - University of Gondar
Teshome Abuka Abebo - Hawassa University
Victor Aboyans - Dupuytren Univ Hosp, Limoges, France
Haftom Niguse Abraha - Mekelle University
Daisy M. X. Abreu - Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Laith J. Abu-Raddad - College Station Medical Center
Akilew Awoke Adane
Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin - Obafemi Awolowo Univ, Dept Med Rehabil, Ife, Nigeria
Olatunji Adetokunboh - University of Cape Town
Tara Ballav Adhikari - University of Southern Denmark
Mohsen Afarideh - University of Tehran
Ashkan Afshin - University of Washington
Gina Agarwal
Dominic Agius
Anurag Agrawal
Sutapa Agrawal
Aliasghar Ahmad Kiadaliri - Lund University
Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour - Supreme Council Of Health
Mohammed Akibu - Debere Berhan Univ, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
Rufus Olusola Akinyemi
Tomi F. Akinyemiju - University of Alabama
Nadia Akseer
Faris Hasan Al Lami - College Station Medical Center
Fares Alahdab
Ziyad Al-Aly - Washington Univ St Louis, St Louis, MO USA
Khurshid Alam - University of Western Australia
Tahiya Alam - University of Washington
Deena Alasfoor - Minist Hlth, Int Relat Div, Al Khuwair, Oman
Mohammed I. Albittar
Kefyalew Addis Alene
Ayman Al-Eyadhy
Syed Danish Ali
Mehran Alijanzadeh - College Station Medical Center
Syed M. Aljunid
Ala'a Alkerwi - Luxembourg Inst Hlth, Strassen, Luxembourg
Francois Alla - Université de Lorraine
Peter Allebeck - Karolinska Institutet
Christine Allen - University of Washington
Mahmoud A. Alomari - College Station Medical Center
Rajaa Al-Raddadi - King Abdulaziz University
Ubai Alsharif - Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Khalid A. Altirkawi - King Saud University
Nelson Alvis-Guzman - University of Cartagena
Azmeraw T. Amare - Bahir Dar University
Kebede Amenu
Walid Ammar - Minist Publ Hlth, Beirut, Lebanon
Yaw Ampem Amoako - College Station Medical Center
Nahla Anber
Catalina Liliana Andrei - College Station Medical Center
Sofia Androudi - University of Thessaly
Carl Abelardo T. Antonio
Valdelaine E. M. Araujo
Olatunde Aremu - Birmingham City University
Johan Arnlov
Al Artaman - University of Manitoba
Krishna Kumar Aryal
Hamid Asayesh - Supreme Council Of Health
Ephrem Tsegay Asfaw
Solomon Weldegebreal Asgedom - Mekelle University
Rana Jawad Asghar - Forum
Mengistu Mitiku Ashebir - Mekelle University
Netsanet Abera Asseffa
Tesfay Mehari Atey
Sachin R. Atre
Madhu S. Atteraya - Keimyung University
Leticia Avila-Burgos - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuemavaca, Mexico
Euripide Frinel G. Arthur Avokpaho
Ashish Awasthi - Indian Inst Publ Hlth, Gandhinagar, India
Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla
Animut Alebel Ayalew - Debre Markos University
Henok Tadesse Ayele
Rakesh Ayer - The University of Tokyo
Tambe Betrand Ayuk
Peter Azzopardi
Natasha Azzopardi-Muscat
Tesleem Kayode Babalola - University of Lagos
Hamid Badali
Alaa Badawi
Maciej Banach - College Station Medical Center
Amitava Banerjee - Farr Institute
Amrit Banstola - Publ Hlth Perspect Nepal, Pokhara, Nepal
Ryan M. Barber - University of Washington
Miguel A. Barboza
Suzanne L. Barker-Collo - University of Auckland
Till Baernighausen
Simon Barquera - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuemavaca, Mexico
Lope H. Barrero - Supreme Council Of Health
Quique Bassat
Sanjay Basu - Stanford University
Bernhard T. Baune - University of Adelaide
Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi
Neeraj Bedi - Jazan University
Ettore Beghi - IRCCS, Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
Masoud Behzadifar
Meysam Behzadifar
Bayu Begashaw Bekele
Abate Bekele Belachew - Mekelle University
Saba Abraham Belay - Dr Tewelde Legesse Hlth Sci Coll, Mekelle, Ethiopia
Yihalem Abebe Belay - Debre Markos University
Michelle L. Bell - University of New Haven
Aminu K. Bello - University of Alberta
Derrick A. Bennett - University of Oxford
James R. Bennett - University of Washington
Isabela M. Bensenor - University of Sao Paulo
Derbew Fikadu Berhe
Eduardo Bernabe - Kings Coll London, London, England
Robert Steven Bernstein
Mircea Beuran
Ashish Bhalla - College Station Medical Center
Paurvi Bhatt - Medtron Philanthropy, Minneapolis, MN USA
Soumyadeep Bhaumik - Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India
Zulfiqar A. Bhutta
Belete Biadgo - University of Gondar
Ali Bijani - College Station Medical Center
Boris Bikbov - Mylan
Charles Birungi - UCL, London, England
Stan Biryukov - University of Washington
Hailemichael Bizuneh
Ian W. Bolliger - University of Washington
Kaylin Bolt - University of Washington
Ibrahim R. Bou-Orm - Minist Publ Hlth, Beirut, Lebanon
Kayvan Bozorgmehr - Heidelberg
Oliver Jerome Brady - Supreme Council Of Health
Alexandra Brazinova - Comenius University Bratislava
Nicholas J. K. Breitborde - The Ohio State University
Hermann Brenner - Heidelberg
Gabrielle Britton - INDICASAT AIP, Panama City, Panama
Traolach S. Brugha - University of Leicester
Zahid A. Butt - Al Shifa Trust Eye Hosp, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuemavaca, Mexico
Ismael Ricardo Campos-Nonato
Julio Cesar Campuzano - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuemavaca, Mexico
Josip Car
Mate Car
Rosario Cardenas - Metropolitan Autonomous Univ, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Juan Jesus Carrero
Felix Carvalho - Universidade do Porto
Carlos A. Castaneda-Orjuela
Jacqueline Castillo Rivas
Ferran Catala-Lopez
Kelly Cercy - University of Washington
Julian Chalek - University of Washington
Hsing-Yi Chang
Jung-Chen Chang - Supreme Council Of Health
Aparajita Chattopadhyay - Int Inst Populat Sci, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Pankaj Chaturvedi - Mécanique et Engrenage Moderne
Peggy Pei-Chia Chiang - Gold Coast Hlth, Clin Governance Unit, Southport, Qld, Australia
Vesper Hichilombwe Chisumpa
Jee-Young J. Choi
Hanne Christensen - Bispebjerg Hosp, Copenhagen, Denmark
Devasahayam Jesudas Christopher - College Station Medical Center
Sheng-Chia Chung - Farr Institute
Liliana G. Ciobanu - University of Adelaide
Massimo Cirillo - University of Salerno
Danny Colombara - University of Washington
Sara Conti - University of Milano-Bicocca
Cyrus Cooper
Leslie Cornaby - University of Washington
Paolo Angelo Cortesi - University of Milano-Bicocca
Monica Cortinovis - IRCCS, Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
Alexandre Costa Pereira - University of Sao Paulo
Ewerton Cousin - Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Michael H. Criqui - Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA
Elizabeth A. Cromwell - University of Washington
Christopher Stephen Crowe - University of Washington
John A. Crump - University of Otago
Alemneh Kabeta Daba - Hawassa University
Berihun Assefa Dachew
Abel Fekadu Dadi
Lalit Dandona
Rakhi Dandona
Paul I. Dargan - Guys & St Thomas NHS Fdn Trust, London, England
Ahmad Daryani - College Station Medical Center
Maryam Daryani - College Station Medical Center
Jai Das - Aga Khan Univ, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Karachi, Pakistan
Siddharth Kumar Das - University of Lucknow
Jose das Neves
Nicole Davis Weaver - University of Washington
Kairat Davletov - Supreme Council Of Health
Barbora de Courten
Diego De Leo - Griffith University
Jan-Walter De Neve - Heidelberg
Robert P. Dellavalle
Gebre Demoz
Kebede Deribe
Don C. Des Jarlais
Subhojit Dey - Indian Inst Publ Hlth, Gurugram, India
Samath D. Dharmaratne - University of Peradeniya
Meghnath Dhimal - Govt Nepal, Nepal Hlth Res Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
Shirin Djalalinia - College Station Medical Center
David Teye Doku
Kate Dolan - UNSW Sydney
E. Ray Dorsey - University of Rochester
Kadine Priscila Bender dos Santos - Univ Estado Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
Kerrie E. Doyle
Tim R. Driscoll - University of Sydney
Manisha Dubey - Int Inst Populat Sci, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Eleonora Dubljanin - University of Belgrade
Bruce Bartholow Duncan
Michelle Echko - University of Washington
Dumessa Edessa - Haramaya University
David Edvardsson
Joshua R. Ehrlich - University of Michigan–Ann Arbor
Erika Eldrenkamp - University of Washington
Ziad El-Khatib
Matthias Endres - Charite Univ Med Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Aman Yesuf Endries - Arba Minch University
Babak Eshrati
Sharareh Eskandarieh - Multiple Sclerosis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Alireza Esteghamati - University of Tehran
Mahdi Fakhar - Supreme Council Of Health
Tamer Farag - University of Washington
Mahbobeh Faramarzi - College Station Medical Center
Emerito Jose Aquino Faraon
Andre Faro - Federal Reserve
Farshad Farzadfar - University of Tehran
Adesegun Fatusi - Obafemi Awolowo Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Dept Community Hlth, Ife, Nigeria
Mir Sohail Fazeli - Doctor Evidence, Santa Monica, CA USA
Valery L. Feigin - Auckland University of Technology
Andrea B. Feigl - Harvard University
Netsanet Fentahun - Jimma University
Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad - Karolinska Institutet
Eduarda Fernandes - Universidade do Porto
Joao C. Fernandes - Universidade Católica Portuguesa
Daniel Obadare Fijabi - Brandeis University
Irina Filip - Kaiser Permanente
Florian Fischer - Supreme Council Of Health
Christina Fitzmaurice
Abraham D. Flaxman - University of Washington
Luisa Sorio Flor
Nataliya Foigt - College Station Medical Center
Kyle J. Foreman
Joseph J. Frostad - University of Washington
Thomas Fuerst
Neal D. Futran - University of Washington
Emmanuela Gakidou - University of Washington
Silvano Gallus
Ketevan Gambashidze - Birmingham Repertory Theatre
Amiran Gamkrelidze - Birmingham Repertory Theatre
Morsaleh Ganji - University of Tehran
Abadi Kahsu Gebre - Mekelle University
Tsegaye Tewelde Gebrehiwot - Jimma University
Amanuel Tesfay Gebremedhin
Yalemzewod Assefa Gelaw
Johanna M. Geleijnse - Wageningen University
Demeke Geremew - University of Gondar
Peter W. Gething - University of Oxford
Reza Ghadimi
Khalil Ghasemi Falavarjani
Maryam Ghasemi-Kasman - College Station Medical Center
Paramjit Singh Gill - University of Warwick
Ababi Zergaw Giref - Addis Ababa University
Maurice Giroud - Univ Hosp Dijon, Dijon, France
Melkamu Dedefo Gishu
Giorgia Giussani - IRCCS, Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
William W. Godwin - University of Washington
Srinivas Goli - Jawaharlal Nehru University
Hector Gomez-Dantes - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuemavaca, Mexico
Philimon N. Gona - University of Massachusetts Boston
Amador Goodridge - CIUDAD
Sameer Vali Gopalani - Govt Federated States Micronesia, Dept Hlth & Social Affairs, Palikir, Micronesia
Yevgeniy Goryakin - Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Paris, France
Alessandra Carvalho Goulart
Ayman Grada - Boston University
Max Griswold - University of Washington
Giuseppe Grosso
Harish Chander Gugnani
Yuming Guo - University of Queensland
Rahul Gupta - West Virginia Bur Publ Hlth, Charleston, WV USA
Rajeev Gupta
Tanush Gupta
Tarun Gupta - Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
Vipin Gupta - University of Delhi
Juanita A. Haagsma - Erasmus MC
Vladimir Hachinski - University of London
Nima Hafezi-Nejad - University of Tehran
Gessessew Bugssa Hailu
Randah Ribhi Hamadeh - Arabian Gulf University
Samer Hamidi - Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University
Graeme J. Hankey
Hilda L. Harb
Heather C. Harewood - Eunice Gibson Polyclin, Bridgetown, Barbados
Sivadasanpillai Harikrishnan - College Station Medical Center
Josep Maria Haro - Parc Sanitari St Joan Deu CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
Hamid Yimam Hassen - Mizan Tepi University
Rasmus Havmoeller
Caitlin Hawley - University of Washington
Simon I. Hay
Jiawei He - University of Washington
Stephen J. C. Hearps - Murdoch Childrens Res Hosp, Child Neuropsychol, Parkville, Vic, Australia
Mohamed I. Hegazy - Cairo University
Behzad Heibati - College Station Medical Center
Mohsen Heidari - Hormozgan University
Delia Hendrie - Curtin University
Nathaniel J. Henry - University of Washington
Victor Hugo Herrera Ballesteros
Claudiu Herteliu - Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania
Desalegn Tsegaw Hibstu - Hawassa University
Molla Kahssay Hiluf - Samara Univ, Samara, Ethiopia
Hans W. Hoek
Enayatollah Homaie Rad - College Station Medical Center
Nobuyuki Horita - Yokohama City University
H. Dean Hosgood - Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA
Mostafa Hosseini
Seyed Reza Hosseini - College Station Medical Center
Mihaela Hostiuc - College Station Medical Center
Sorin Hostiuc - College Station Medical Center
Damian G. Hoy - Pacific Community, Publ Hlth Div, Noumea, New Caledonia
Mohamed Hsairi - Salah Azaiz Inst, Dept Epidemiol, Tunis, Tunisia
Aung Soe Htet - University of Oslo
Guoqing Hu - Supreme Council Of Health
John J. Huang - University of New Haven
Kim Moesgaard Iburg - Aarhus University
Fachmi Idris
Ehimario Uche Igumbor
Chad Ikeda - University of Washington
Bogdan Vasile Ileanu - Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Bucharest, Romania
Olayinka S. Ilesanmi - Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Monrovia, CA, Liberia
Kaire Innos - Natl Inst Hlth Dev, Tallinn, Estonia
Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani
Caleb M. S. Irvine - University of Washington
Farhad Islami - Amer Canc Soc, Surveillance & Hlth Serv Res, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA
Troy A. Jacobs - USAID Global Hlth Bur, HIDN, MCH Div, Washington, DC USA
Kathryn H. Jacobsen - George Mason University
Nader Jahanmehr - Shahid Beheshti University
Rajesh Jain - Jain Hosp MSS, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
Sudhir Kumar Jain - Natl Ctr Dis Control Delhi, Delhi, India
Mihajlo M. Jakovljevic
Moti Tolera Jalu
Amr A. Jamal
Mehdi Javanbakht - University of Aberdeen
Achala Upendra Jayatilleke
Panniyammakal Jeemon
Ravi Prakash Jha - Banaras Hindu University
Vivekanand Jha
Jacek Jozwiak - Czestochowa Tech Univ, Inst Hlth & Nutr Sci, Czestochowa, Poland
Oommen John - George Institute for Global Health
Sarah Charlotte Johnson - University of Washington
Jost B. Jonas - Heidelberg University
Vasna Joshua - College Station Medical Center
Mikk Juerisson - University of Tartu
Zubair Kabir - Univ Coll Cork, Cork, Ireland
Rajendra Kadel - Supreme Council Of Health
Amaha Kahsay - Mekelle University
Rizwan Kalani - University of Washington
Chittaranjan Kar - College Station Medical Center
Marina Karanikolos - European Observ Hlth Syst & Policies, London, England
Andre Karch
Corine Kakizi Karema
Seyed M. Karimi - University of Washington Tacoma
Amir Kasaeian
Dessalegn Haile Kassa - Debre Markos University
Getachew Mullu Kassa - Debre Markos University
Tesfaye Dessale Kassa - Mekelle University
Nicholas J. Kassebaum
Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi - University of Glasgow
Anil Kaul - Oklahoma State University
Norito Kawakami - The University of Tokyo
Konstantin Kazanjan - Birmingham Repertory Theatre
Seifu Kebede - Mekelle University
Peter Njenga Keiyoro
Grant Rodgers Kemp - University of Washington
Andre Pascal Kengne
Maia Kereselidze - Birmingham Repertory Theatre
Ezra Belay Ketema - Mekelle University
Yousef Saleh Khader
Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie - College Station Medical Center
Alireza Khajavi - Shahid Beheshti University
Ibrahim A. Khalil - University of Washington
Ejaz Ahmad Khan - Hlth Serv Acad, Islamabad, Pakistan
Gulfaraz Khan - United Arab Emirates University
Md Nuruzzaman Khan
Muhammad Ali Khan
Mukti Nath Khanal - Dept Hlth Serv Hlth Management Informat Syst, Kathmandu, Nepal
Young-Ho Khang
Mona M. Khater
Abdullah Tawfih Abdullah Khoja
Ardeshir Khosravi
Jagdish Khubchandani - Ball State University
Getiye Dejenu Kibret
Daniel Ngari Kiirithio
Daniel Kim - Northeastern Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Yun Jin Kim - Xiamen University
Ruth W. Kimokoti - Simmons Coll, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Yohannes Kinfu - University of Canberra
Sanjay Kinra - Supreme Council Of Health
Adnan Kisa - University of Oslo
Niranjan Kissoon - University of British Columbia
Sonali Kochhar
Yoshihiro Kokubo - Natl Cerebral & Cardiovasc Ctr, Dept Prevent Cardiol, Suita, Osaka, Japan
Jacek A. Kopec - University of British Columbia
Soewarta Kosen - Natl Inst Hlth Res Dev, Ctr Community Empowerment Hlth Policy & Humanitie, Jakarta, Indonesia
Parvaiz A. Koul - College Station Medical Center
Ai Koyanagi - Parc Sanitari St Joan Deu CIBERSAM, Res & Dev Unit, Barcelona, Spain
Michael Kravchenko - Res Ctr Neurol, Moscow, Russia
Kewal Krishan - Panjab University
Kristopher J. Krohn - University of Washington
Barthelemy Kuate Defo
G. Anil Kumar - Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India
Pushpendra Kumar - Int Inst Populat Sci, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Michael Kutz - University of Washington
Igor Kuzin - Minist Hlth Ukraine, State Inst Publ Hlth Ctr, Kiev, Ukraine
Hmwe H. Kyu - University of Washington
Deepesh Pravinkumar Lad - College Station Medical Center
Alessandra Lafranconi - University of Milano-Bicocca
Dharmesh Kumar Lal - Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India
Ratilal Lalloo - University of Queensland
Hilton Lam - NHLBI, Ctr Translat Res & Implementat Sci, Inst Hlth Policy & Dev Studies, Natl Inst Hlth, Manila, Philippines
Qing Lan - NCI, Rockville, MD USA
Justin J. Lang
Van C. Lansingh
Sonia Lansky
Anders Larsson - Klinisk kemi
Arman Latifi - Supreme Council Of Health
Jeffrey Victor Lazarus
Janet L. Leasher - Nova Southeastern University
Paul H. Lee - University of Hong Kong
Yirga Legesse - Mekelle University
James Leigh - University of Sydney
Cheru Tesema Leshargie - Debre Markos University
Samson Leta - Addis Ababa University
Janni Leung
Ricky Leung - SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA
Miriam Levi - Florence
Yongmei Li - College Station Medical Center
Juan Liang - Sichuan University
Misgan Legesse Liben - Samara Univ, Samara, Ethiopia
Lee-Ling Lim
Stephen S. Lim - University of Washington
Margaret Lind - University of Washington
Shai Linn - University of Haifa
Stefan Listl
Patrick Y. Liu - University of Washington
Shiwei Liu - Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron & Noncommunicable Dis Control & Pr, Beijing, Peoples R China
Rakesh Lodha - College Station Medical Center
Alan D. Lopez - University of Melbourne
Scott A. Lorch - Supreme Council Of Health
Stefan Lorkowski
Paulo A. Lotufo - University of Sao Paulo
Timothy C. D. Lucas
Raimundas Lunevicius
Gregoire Lurton - University of Washington
Ronan A. Lyons - Swansea University
Fadi Maalouf - Amer Univ Beirut, Fac Hlth Sci, Ctr Res Populat & Hlth, Dept Psychiat, Beirut, Lebanon
Erlyn Rachelle King Macarayan - Harvard University
Mark T. Mackay
Emilie R. Maddison - University of Washington
Fabiana Madotto - University of Milano-Bicocca
Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek
Mohammed Magdy Abd El Razek
Marek Majdan - Trnava Univ, Fac Hlth Sci & Social Work, Dept Publ Hlth, Trnava, Slovakia
Reza Majdzadeh
Azeem Majeed - Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England
Reza Malekzadeh - University of Tehran
Rajesh Malhotra - College Station Medical Center
Deborah Carvalho Malta - Federal Reserve
Abdullah A. Mamun - University of Queensland
Helena Manguerra - University of Washington
Treh Manhertz - University of Washington
Mohammad Ali Mansournia - University of Tehran
Lorenzo G. Mantovani - University of Milano-Bicocca
Tsegahun Manyazewal - Ethiopian Publ Hlth Assoc, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Chabila C. Mapoma - University of Zambia
Christopher Margono - University of Washington
Jose Martinez-Raga
Sheila Cristina Ouriques Martins
Francisco Rogerlandio Martins-Melo - University of Graz
Ira Martopullo - University of Washington
Winfried Maerz
Benjamin Ballard Massenburg
Manu Raj Mathur
Pallab K. Maulik
Mohsen Mazidi - Chalmers University of Technology
Colm McAlinden
John J. McGrath
Martin McKee - Supreme Council Of Health
Suresh Mehata - Ipas Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
Ravi Mehrotra - Natl Inst Canc Prevent Res, Noida, India
Kala M. Mehta - Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
Varshil Mehta - College Station Medical Center
Toni Meier - Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
Fabiola Mejia-Rodriguez - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuemavaca, Mexico
Kidanu Gebremariam Meles
Mulugeta Melku - University of Gondar
Peter Memiah - Univ West Florida, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA
Ziad A. Memish
Walter Mendoza - United Nations
Degu Abate Mengiste - Haramaya University
Desalegn Tadese Mengistu - Mekelle University
Bereket Gebremichael Menota - Addis Ababa University
George A. Mensah - NHLBI, Ctr Translat Res & Implementat Sci, Inst Hlth Policy & Dev Studies, Natl Inst Hlth, Manila, Philippines
Atte Meretoja
Tuomo J. Meretoja - University of Helsinki
Haftay Berhane Mezgebe - Mekelle University
Tomasz Miazgowski - University of Szczecin
Renata Micha - Tufts University
Robert Milam - Doctor Evidence, Santa Monica, CA USA
Anoushka Millear - University of Washington
Ted R. Miller
G. K. Mini
Shawn Minnig - University of Washington
Andreea Mirica - Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Bucharest, Romania
Erkin M. Mirrakhimov
Awoke Misganaw - University of Washington
Philip B. Mitchell - UNSW Sydney
Fitsum Weldegebreal Mlashu - Haramaya University
Babak Moazen
Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad
Roghayeh Mohammadibakhsh - College Station Medical Center
Ebrahim Mohammed - Mekelle University
Mohammed A. Mohammed
Shafiu Mohammed
Ali H. Mokdad - University of Washington
Glen Liddell D. Mola - University of Papua New Guinea
Mariam Molokhia - Kings Coll London, London, England
Fatemeh Momeniha - Supreme Council Of Health
Lorenzo Monasta - IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Trieste, Italy
Julio Cesar Montanez Hernandez - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuemavaca, Mexico
Mahmood Moosazadeh - College Station Medical Center
Maziar Moradi-Lakeh
Paula Moraga - Lancaster University Ghana
Lidia Morawska - Queensland University of Technology
Ilais Moreno Velasquez - Mécanique et Engrenage Moderne
Rintaro Mori - Natl Ctr Child Hlth & Dev, Tokyo, Japan
Shane D. Morrison - University of Washington
Mark Moses - University of Washington
Seyyed Meysam Mousavi - University of Tehran
Ulrich O. Mueller - Fed Inst Populat Res, Competence Ctr Mortal Follow Up German Natl Cohor, Wiesbaden, Germany
Manoj Murhekar - ICMR Natl Inst Epidemiol, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana Murthy - Supreme Council Of Health
Srinivas Murthy - University of British Columbia
Jonah Musa
Kamarul Imran Musa - Supreme Council Of Health
Ghulam Mustafa
Saravanan Muthupandian
Chie Nagata - Natl Ctr Child Hlth & Dev, Tokyo, Japan
Gabriele Nagel - College Station Medical Center
Mohsen Naghavi - University of Washington
Aliya Naheed - Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Gurudatta A. Naik - University of Alabama
Nitish Naik - College Station Medical Center
Farid Najafi - Supreme Council Of Health
Luigi Naldi - Azienda Osped Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
Vinay Nangia - Suraj Eye Institute
Jobert Richie Njingang Nansseu
K. M. Venkat Narayan - Emory University
Bruno Ramos Nascimento - College Station Medical Center
Ionut Negoi
Ruxandra Irina Negoi - College Station Medical Center
Charles R. Newton
Josephine Wanjiku Ngunjiri - University of Nairobi
Grant Nguyen
Long Nguyen
Trang Huyen Nguyen
Emma Nichols - University of Washington
Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum
Ellen Nolte - Supreme Council Of Health
Vuong Minh Nong
Ole F. Norheim - University of Bergen
Bo Norrving
Jean Jacques N. Noubiap
Alypio Nyandwi - Rwanda Minist Hlth, Kigali, Rwanda
Carla Makhlouf Obermeyer - Amer Univ Beirut, Fac Hlth Sci, Ctr Res Populat & Hlth, Dept Psychiat, Beirut, Lebanon
Richard Ofori-Asenso - Monash University
Felix Akpojene Ogbo
In-Hwan Oh - Kyung Hee University
Olanrewaju Oladimeji - University of KwaZulu-Natal
Andrew Toyin Olagunju
Tinuke Oluwasefunmi Olagunju
Pedro R. Olivares - Univ Autonoma Chile, Talca, Chile
Patricia Pereira Vasconcelos de Oliveira - Minist Hlth Brazil, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
Helen E. Olsen - University of Washington
Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya - Healthy Start
Jacob Olusegun Olusanya - Healthy Start
Kanyin Ong - University of Washington
John Nelson Opio - Lira Municipal Council, Lira Dist Local Govt, Kampala, Uganda
Eyal Oren - San Diego State University
Doris V. Ortega-Altamirano - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuemavaca, Mexico
Alberto Ortiz - UAM, IIS Fdn Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
Raziye Ozdemir - Karabük University
P. A. Mahesh
Amanda W. Pain - University of Washington
Marcos Roberto Tovani Palone - University of Sao Paulo
Adrian Pana - Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Bucharest, Romania
Songhomitra Panda-Jonas - Heidelberg Univ, Fac Med Mannheim, Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Ophthalmol, Heidelberg, Germany
Jeyaraj D. Pandian - College Station Medical Center
Eun-Kee Park - Kosin University
Hadi Parsian - College Station Medical Center
Tejas Patel - White Plains Hosp, White Plains, NY USA
Sanghamitra Pati - Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India
Snehal T. Patil - Supreme Council Of Health
Ajay Patle - Minist Hlth Family Welf, Natl Hlth Syst Resource Ctr, New Delhi, India
George C. Patton
Vishnupriya Rao Paturi
Deepak Paudel - UK Dept Int Dev, Lalitpur, Nepal
Marcel de Moares Pedroso - Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Inst Comunicacao & Informacao Cientif & Tecnol Sa, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
Sandra P. Pedroza - University of Washington
David M. Pereira - Universidade do Porto
Norberto Perico - Mylan
Hannah Peterson - University of Washington
Max Petzold
Niloofar Peykari - College Station Medical Center
Michael Robert Phillips
Frederic B. Piel - Biostat
David M. Pigott - University of Washington
Julian David Pillay - Durban University of Technology
Michael A. Piradov - Res Ctr Neurol, Moscow, Russia
Suzanne Polinder - Erasmus MC
Constance D. Pond - Univ Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
Maarten J. Postma
Farshad Pourmalek - University of British Columbia
Swayam Prakash - College Station Medical Center
V. Prakash - Charotar Univ Sci & Technol, Anand, Gujarat, India
Narayan Prasad - College Station Medical Center
Noela Marie Prasad
Caroline Purcell - University of Washington
Mostafa Qorbani - College Station Medical Center
Hedley Knewjen Quintana - Commemorat Gorgas Inst Hlth Studies, Panama City, Panama
Amir Radfar - AT Still Univ, Kirksville, MO USA
Anwar Rafay
Alireza Rafiei - Supreme Council Of Health
Kazem Rahimi - University of Oxford
Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar - University of Tehran
Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar - University of Tehran
Mahfuzar Rahman
Muhammad Aziz Rahman
Sajjad Ur Rahman - Sweidi Hosp, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Rajesh Kumar Rai - Soc Hlth & Demog Surveillance, Sufi, India
Bhushan Raju - College Station Medical Center
Usha Ram - Int Inst Populat Sci, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Saleem M. Rana
Zane Rankin - University of Washington
Davide Rasella - British Science Association
David Laith Rawaf
Salman Rawaf - Imperial Coll London, London, England
Sarah E. Ray - University of Washington
Christian Aspacia Razo-Garcia - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuemavaca, Mexico
Priscilla Reddy - Human Sci Res Council, Cape Town, South Africa
Robert C. Reiner - University of Washington
Cesar Reis - Loma Linda University
Marissa B. Reitsma - University of Washington
Giuseppe Remuzzi
Andre M. N. Renzaho - Western Sydney University
Serge Resnikoff - UNSW Sydney
Satar Rezaei - Supreme Council Of Health
Mohammad Sadegh Rezai - College Station Medical Center
Antonio L. Ribeiro - Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Hosp Clin, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Maria Jesus Rios Blancas - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuemavaca, Mexico
Juan A. Rivera - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuemavaca, Mexico
Leonardo Roever - Federal Reserve
Luca Ronfani - IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Trieste, Italy
Gholamreza Roshandel
Ali Rostami - Supreme Council Of Health
Gregory A. Roth - University of Washington
Dietrich Rothenbacher - College Station Medical Center
Ambuj Roy - College Station Medical Center
Nobhojit Roy
George Mugambage Ruhago - Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
Yogesh Damodar Sabde - Natl Inst Res Environm Hlth, Bhopal, India
Perminder S. Sachdev
Nafis Sadat - University of Washington
Mahdi Safdarian - University of Tehran
Saeid Safiri - Supreme Council Of Health
Rajesh Sagar - College Station Medical Center
Amirhossein Sahebkar
Mohammad Ali Sahraian - University of Tehran
Haniye Sadat Sajadi - University of Tehran
Joseph Salama - University of Washington
Payman Salamati - University of Tehran
Raphael de Freitas Saldanha - Fiocruz MS, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
Hamideh Salimzadeh
Joshua A. Salomon - Harvard University
Abdallah M. Samy - Ain Shams University
Juan Ramon Sanabria
Parag K. Sancheti - Sancheti Inst Orthopaed Rehabil, Pune, Maharashtra, India
Maria Dolores Sanchez-Nino - IIS Fdn Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
Damian Santomauro
Itamar S. Santos - University of Sao Paulo
Milena M. Santric Milicevic
Abdur Razzaque Sarker - Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Nizal Sarrafzadegan
Benn Sartorius
Maheswar Satpathy - Utkal University
Miloje Savic - Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Dis Burden, Oslo, Norway
Monika Sawhney - Marshall University
Sonia Saxena - Imperial Coll London, London, England
Mete I. Saylan - Bayer Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey
Elke Schaeffner - Charite Univ Med Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Josef Schmidhuber - Food & Agr Org, Global Perspect Studies, Rome, Italy
Maria Ines Schmidt - Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Ione J. C. Schneider - Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Florian6poliss, Brazil
Austin E. Schumacher - University of Washington
Aletta E. Schutte
David C. Schwebel - University of Alabama
Falk Schwendicke - Charite Univ Med Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Mario Sekerija
Sadaf G. Sepanlou - University of Tehran
Edson E. Servan-Mori - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuemavaca, Mexico
Azadeh Shafieesabet - College Station Medical Center
Masood Ali Shaikh
Marina Shakh-Nazarova - Birmingham Repertory Theatre
Mehran Shams-Beyranvand - University of Tehran
Heidar Sharafi - Deakin University
Mahdi Sharif-Alhoseini - University of Tehran
Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam
Meenakshi Sharma - College Station Medical Center
Rajesh Sharma - Supreme Council Of Health
Jun She - Fudan University
Aziz Sheikh - Supreme Council Of Health
Mebrahtu Teweldemedhin Shfare - Aksum University
Peilin Shi - Tufts University
Chloe Shields - University of Washington
Mika Shigematsu - Natl Inst Infect Dis, Tokyo, Japan
Yukito Shinohara - Tachikawa Hosp, Tokyo, Japan
Rahman Shiri - University of Helsinki
Reza Shirkoohi - University of Tehran
Ivy Shiue
Mark G. Shrime - Supreme Council Of Health
Sharvari Rahul Shukla
Soraya Siabani
Inga Dora Sigfusdottir - Reykjavík University
Donald H. Silberberg - Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
Diego Augusto Santos Silva
Joao Pedro Silva - Universidade do Porto
Dayane Gabriele Alves Silveira - Universidade de Brasília
Jasvinder A. Singh - University of Alabama
Lavanya Singh - University of Washington
Narinder Pal Singh - Max
Virendra Singh - Asthma Bhawan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Dhirendra Narain Sinha
Abiy Hiruye Sinke - College Station Medical Center
Mekonnen Sisay - Haramaya University
Vegard Skirbekk
Karen Sliwa - University of Cape Town
Alison Smith - University of Washington
Adauto Martins Soares Filho
Badr H. A. Sobaih - King Khalid University
Melek Somai - Tunisian Ctr Publ Hlth, Les Berges Du Lac, Tunisia
Samir Soneji - Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
Moslem Soofi - Supreme Council Of Health
Reed J. D. Sorensen - University of Washington
Joan B. Soriano
Ireneous N. Soyiri - University of Edinburgh
Luciano A. Sposato - Western Univ, Dept Clin Neurol Sci, London, ON, Canada
Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy - College Station Medical Center
Vinay Srinivasan - University of Washington
Jeffrey D. Stanaway - University of Washington
Vasiliki Stathopoulou - Attikon Univ Hosp, Athens, Greece
Nicholas Steel
Dan J. Stein
Mark Andrew Stokes - Deakin University
Lela Sturua - Birmingham Repertory Theatre
Muawiyyah Babale Sufiyan - Ahmadu Bello University
Rizwan Abdulkader Suliankatchi - Minist Hlth, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Bruno F. Sunguya
Patrick J. Sur - University of Washington
Bryan L. Sykes - Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Criminol Law & Soc Sociol & Publ Hlth, Irvine, CA USA
P. N. Sylaja - College Station Medical Center
Cassandra E. I. Szoeke - University of Melbourne
Rafael Tabares-Seisdedos
Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla - Griffith University
Andualem Henok Tadesse - Mizan Tepi University
Getachew Redae Taffere - Mekelle University
Nikhil Tandon - College Station Medical Center
Amare Tariku Tariku
Nuno Taveira
Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi
Girma Temam Shifa
Mohamad-Hani Temsah
Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi
Azeb Gebresilassie Tesema - Mekelle University
Dawit Jember Tesfaye - Hawassa University
Belay Tessema - University of Gondar
J. S. Thakur - Supreme Council Of Health
Nihal Thomas - College Station Medical Center
Matthew J. Thompson - University of Washington
Taavi Tillmann - UCL, Inst Epidemiol & Hlth, London, England
Quyen G. To - Queensland University of Technology
Ruoyan Tobe-Gai - Natl Ctr Child Hlth & Dev, Tokyo, Japan
Marcello Tonelli - University of Calgary
Roman Topor-Madry
Fotis Topouzis - Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Anna Torre - University of Washington
Miguel Tortajada
Bach Xuan Tran
Khanh Bao Tran
Avnish Tripathi - University of Louisville
Srikanth Prasad Tripathy - Natl Inst Res TB, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Christopher Troeger - University of Washington
Thomas Truelsen - University of Copenhagen
Derrick Tsoi - University of Washington
Lorainne Tudor Car
Kald Beshir Tuem - Mekelle University
Stefanos Tyrovolas - Universitat de Barcelona
Uche S. Uchendu - US Dept Vet Affairs, Washington, DC USA
Kingsley Nnanna Ukwaja - Fed Teaching Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Abakaliki, Nigeria
Irfan Ullah
Rachel Updike - University of Washington
Olalekan A. Uthman - University of Warwick
Benjamin S. Chudi Uzochukwu - University of Nigeria
Pascual Ruben Valdez
Job F. M. van Boven - University of Groningen
Santosh Varughese - College Station Medical Center
Tommi Vasankari - UKK Inst Hlth Promot Res, Tampere, Finland
Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian - Raffles Hosp, Raffles Neurosci Ctr, Singapore, Singapore
Francesco S. Violante - University of Bologna
Sergey K. Vladimirov - Fed Res Inst Hlth Org & Informat, Moscow, Russia
Vasiliy Victorovich Vlassov - Supreme Council Of Health
Stein Emil Vollset - Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Dis Burden, Oslo, Norway
Theo Vos - University of Washington
Fasil Wagnew - Debre Markos University
Yasir Waheed - Fdn Univ, Islamabad, Pakistan
Mitchell T. Wallin
Judd L. Walson
Yafeng Wang
Yuan-Pang Wang
Molla Mesele Wassie
Marcia R. Weaver - University of Washington
Elisabete Weiderpass
Robert G. Weintraub
Jordan Weiss - Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
Kidu Gidey Weldegwergs - Mekelle University
Andrea Werdecker - Fed Inst Populat Res, Competence Ctr Mortal Follow Up German Natl Cohor, Wiesbaden, Germany
T. Eoin West - University of Washington
Ronny Westerman
Richard G. White - Supreme Council Of Health
Harvey A. Whiteford
Justyna Widecka - VitroLive Sp Zoo, Szczecin, Poland
Andrea Sylvia Winkler
Charles Shey Wiysonge
Charles D. A. Wolfe
Yohanes Ayele Wondimkun - Haramaya University
Abdulhalik Workicho
Grant M. A. Wyper
Denis Xavier - College Station Medical Center
Gelin Xu - Nanjing University
Lijing L. Yan - Duke Kunshan University
Yuichiro Yano - Northwestern University
Mehdi Yaseri - Shahid Beheshti University
Nigus Bililign Yimer - Woldia University
Peng Yin - Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron & Noncommunicable Dis Control & Pr, Beijing, Peoples R China
Paul Yip - University of Hong Kong
Biruck Desalegn Yirsaw
Naohiro Yonemoto - Kyoto University
Gerald Yonga - Aga Khan Univ, NCD Res Policy Unit, Nairobi, Kenya
Seok-Jun Yoon - Korea Univ, Coll Med, Dept Prevent Med, S, Seoul, South Korea
Marcel Yotebieng
Mustafa Z. Younis - Jackson State University
Chuanhua Yu - Wuhan University
Vesna Zadnik - Inst Oncol Ljubljana, Epidemiol & Canc Registry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Zoubida Zaidi - Univ Hosp Setif, Setif, Algeria
Maysaa El Sayed Zaki - Mansoura University
Sojib Bin Zaman - Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Mohammad Zamani - College Station Medical Center
Zerihun Menlkalew Zenebe - Mekelle University
Maigeng Zhou
Jun Zhu - Natl Off MCH Surveillance China, Chengdu, Peoples R China
Stephanie R. M. Zimsen - University of Washington
Ben Zipkin - University of Washington
Sanjay Zodpey - Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India
Liesl Joanna Zuhlke - Mécanique et Engrenage Moderne
Christopher J. L. Murray - University of Washington
Rafael Lozano - University of Washington
GBD 2016 Healthcare Access and Quality Collaborators
Publication Details: The Lancet (British edition), Vol.391(10136), pp.2236-2271
Date published: 2018
Identifiers: 99777871002346
Academic Unit: School of Sustainability, Civil and Environmental Engineering
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article

Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

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