Global, regional, and national progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 for neonatal and child health: all-cause and cause-specific mortality findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Katherine R. Paulson; Aruna M. Kamath; Tahiya Alam; Kelly Bienhoff; Gdiom Gebreheat Abady; Jaffar Abbas; Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari; Hedayat Abbastabar; Foad Abd-Allah; Sherief M. Abd-Elsalam; Amir Abdoli; Aidin Abedi; Hassan Abolhassani; Lucas Guimaraes Abreu; Eman Abu-Gharbieh; Niveen M. E. Abu-Rmeileh; Abdelrahman Abushouk; Aishatu L. Adamu; Oladimeji M. Adebayo; Adeyinka Emmanuel Adegbosin; Victor Adekanmbi; Olatunji O. Adetokunboh; Daniel Adedayo Adeyinka; Jose C. Adsuar; Khashayar Afshari; Mohammad Aghaali; Marcela Agudelo-Botero; Bright Opoku Ahinkorah; Tauseef Ahmad; Keivan Ahmadi; Muktar Beshir Ahmed; Budi Aji; Yonas Akalu; Oluwaseun Oladapo Akinyemi; Addis Aklilu; Ziyad Al-Aly; Khurshid Alam; Fahad Mashhour Alanezi; Turki M. Alanzi; Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal; Ayman Al-Eyadhy; Tilahun Ali; Gianfranco Alicandro; Sheikh Mohammad Alif; Vahid Alipour; Hesam Alizade; Syed Mohamed Aljunid; Amir Almasi-Hashiani; Nihad A. Almasri; Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi; Jordi Alonso; Rajaa M. Al-Raddadi; Khalid A. Altirkawi; Arwa Khalid Alumran; Nelson Alvis-Guzman; Nelson J. Alvis-Zakzuk; Edward Kwabena Ameyaw; Saeed Amini; Mostafa Amini-Rarani; Arianna Maever L. Amit; Dickson A. Amugsi; Robert Ancuceanu; Deanna Anderlini; Catalina Liliana Andrei; Fereshteh Ansari; Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam; Carl Abelardo T. Antonio; Ernoiz Antriyandarti; Davood Anvari; Razique Anwer; Muhammad Aqeel; Jalal Arabloo; Morteza Arab-Zozani; Timur Aripov; Johan Arnlov; Kurnia Dwi Artanti; Afsaneh Arzani; Malke Asaad; Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi; Ali A. Asadi-Pooya; Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi; Seyyed Shamsadin Athari; Seyyede Masoume Athari; Desta Debalkie Atnafu; Alok Atreya; Madhu Sudhan Atteraya; Marcel Ausloos; Asma Tahir Awan; Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla; Getinet Ayano; Martin Amogre Ayanore; Yared Asmare Aynalem; Samad Azari; Ghasem Azarian; Zelalem Nigussie Azene; B. B. Darshan; Ebrahim Babaee; Ashish D. Badiye; Atif Amin Baig; Maciej Banach; Palash Chandra Banik; Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo; Hiba Jawdat Barqawi; Quique Bassat; Sanjay Basu; Bernhard T. Baune; Mohsen Bayati; Neeraj Bedi; Ettore Beghi; Massimiliano Beghi; Michelle L. Bell; Salaheddine Bendak; Derrick A. Bennett; Isabela M. Bensenor; Kidanemaryam Berhe; Adam E. Berman; Yihienew Mequanint Bezabih; Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula; Dinesh Bhandari; Nikha Bhardwaj; Pankaj Bhardwaj; Krittika Bhattacharyya; Suraj Bhattarai; Zulfiqar A. Bhutta; Boris Bikbov; Antonio Biondi; Binyam Minuye Birihane; Raaj Kishore Biswas; Somayeh Bohlouli; Nicola Luigi Bragazzi; Alexey Breusov; Andre R. Brunoni; Katrin Burkart; Sharath Burugina Nagaraja; Reinhard Busse; Zahid A. Butt; Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos; Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado; Paulo Camargos; Luis Alberto Camera; Rosario Cardenas; Giulia Carreras; Juan J. Carrero; Felix Carvalho; Joao Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia; Carlos A. Castaneda-Orjuela; Giulio Castelpietra; Ester Cerin; Jung-Chen Chang; Wagaye Fentahun Chanie; Jaykaran Charan; Souranshu Chatterjee; Soosanna Kumary Chattu; Vijay Kumar Chattu; Sarika Chaturvedi; Simiao Chen; Daniel Youngwhan Cho; Jee-Young Jasmine Choi; Dinh-Toi Chu; Liliana G. Ciobanu; Massimo Cirillo; Joao Conde; Vera Marisa Costa; Rosa A. S. Couto; Berihun Assefa Dachew; Saad M. A. Dahlawi; Hancheng Dai; Xiaochen Dai; Lalit Dandona; Rakhi Dandona; Parnaz Daneshpajouhnejad; Gary L. Darmstadt; Jai K. Das; Claudio Alberto Davila-Cervantes; Adrian C. Davis; Kairat Davletov; Fernando Pio De la Hoz; Diego De Leo; Farah Deeba; Edgar Denova-Gutierrez; Nikolaos Dervenis; Assefa Desalew; Keshab Deuba; Sagnik Dey; Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne; Sameer Dhingra; Govinda Prasad Dhungana; Diana Dias da Silva; Daniel Diaz; Fariba Dorostkar; Leila Doshmangir; Eleonora Dubljanin; Andre Rodrigues Duraes; Arielle Wilder Eagan; Hisham Atan Edinur; Ferry Efendi; Sahar Eftekharzadeh; Iman El Sayed; Maha El Tantawi; Iffat Elbarazi; Islam Y. Elgendy; Shaimaa El-Jaafary; Amir Emami; Shymaa Enany; Oghenowede Eyawo; Sayeh Ezzikouri; Pawan Sirwan Faris; Farshad Farzadfar; Nazir Fattahi; Nelsensius Klau Fauk; Mehdi Fazlzadeh; Valery L. Feigin; Tomas Y. Ferede; Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad; Eduarda Fernandes; Pietro Ferrara; Irina Filip; Florian Fischer; James L. Fisher; Nataliya A. Foigt; Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan; Masoud Foroutan; Richard Charles Franklin; Marisa Freitas; Sara D. Friedman; Takeshi Fukumoto; Mohamed M. Gad; Abhay Motiramji Gaidhane; Shilpa Gaidhane; Santosh Gaihre; Silvano Gallus; Alberto L. Garcia-Basteiro; Ma Garcia-Gordillo; William M. Gardner; Mariana Gaspar Fonseca; Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin; Lemma Getacher; Ahmad Ghashghaee; Asadollah Gholamian; Syed Amir Gilani; Tiffany K. Gill; Giorgia Giussani; Elena Gnedovskaya; Myron Anthony Godinho; Amit Goel; Mahaveer Golechha; Philimon N. Gona; Sameer Vali Gopalani; Houman Goudarzi; Michal Grivna; Harish Chander Gugnani; Davide Guido; Rafael Alves Guimaraes; Rajat Das Gupta; Rajeev Gupta; Nima Hafezi-Nejad; Mohammad Rifat Haider; Arvin Haj-Mirzaian; Samer Hamidi; Asif Hanif; Graeme J. Hankey; Arief Hargono; Ahmed Hasaballah; Md Mehedi Hasan; Syed Shahzad Hasan; Amr Hassan; Soheil Hassanipour; Hadi Hassankhani; Rasmus J. Havmoeller; Khezar Hayat; Reza Heidari-Soureshjani; Nathaniel J. Henry; Claudiu Herteliu; Michael K. Hole; Ramesh Holla; Naznin Hossain; Mostafa Hosseini; Mehdi Hosseinzadeh; Mihaela Hostiuc; Sorin Hostiuc; Mowafa Househ; Junjie Huang; Ayesha Humayun; Bing-Fang Hwang; Ivo Iavicoli; Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye; Kevin S. Ikuta; Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi; Irena M. Ilic; Milena D. Ilic; Sumant Inamdar; Leeberk Raja Inbaraj; Khalid Iqbal; Usman Iqbal; M. Mofizul Islam; Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam; Hiroyasu Iso; Masao Iwagami; Chidozie C. D. Iwu; Jalil Jaafari; Kathryn H. Jacobsen; Jagnoor Jagnoor; Vardhmaan Jain; Manthan Dilipkumar Janodia; Tahereh Javaheri; Fatemeh Javanmardi; Shubha Jayaram; Achala Upendra Jayatilleke; Ensiyeh Jenabi; Ravi Prakash Jha; John S. Ji; Oommen John; Jost B. Jonas; Tamas Joo; Nitin Joseph; Farahnaz Joukar; Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak; Mikk Jurisson; Ali Kabir; Zubair Kabir; Leila R. Kalankesh; Naser Kamyari; Tanuj Kanchan; Neeti Kapoor; Behzad Karami Matin; Andre Karch; Salah Eddin Karimi; Getinet Kassahun; Gbenga A. Kayode; Ali Kazemi Karyani; Laura Kemmer; Nauman Khalid; Rovshan Khalilov; Mohammad Khammarnia; Ejaz Ahmad Khan; Gulfaraz Khan; Maseer Khan; Md Nuruzzaman Khan; Young-Ho Khang; Khaled Khatab; Amir M. Khater; Mona M. Khater; Maryam Khayamzadeh; Ardeshir Khosravi; Daniel Kim; Young-Eun Kim; Yun Jin Kim; Ruth W. Kimokoti; Adnan Kisa; Sezer Kisa; Niranjan Kissoon; Jacek A. Kopec; Soewarta Kosen; Parvaiz A. Koul; Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana; Ai Koyanagi; Kewal Krishan; Vijay Krishnamoorthy; Barthelemy Kuate Defo; Burcu Kucuk Bicer; Vaman Kulkarni; G. Anil Kumar; Manasi Kumar; Nithin Kumar; Om P. Kurmi; Dian Kusuma; Carlo La Vecchia; Ben Lacey; Ratilal Lalloo; Faris Hasan Lami; Ivan Landires; Anders O. Larsson; Savita Lasrado; Zohra S. Lassi; Paolo Lauriola; Paul H. Lee; Shaun Wen Huey Lee; Yo Han Lee; James Leigh; Matilde Leonardi; Sonia Lewycka; Bingyu Li; Shanshan Li; Juan Liang; Lee-Ling Lim; Miteku Andualem Limenih; Ro-Ting Lin; Xuefeng Liu; Rakesh Lodha; Alan D. Lopez; Rafael Lozano; Alessandra Lugo; Raimundas Lunevicius; Mark T. Mackay; Shilpashree Madhava Kunjathur; Francesca Giulia Magnani; D. R. Mahadeshwara Prasad; Mina Maheri; Morteza Mahmoudi; Azeem Majeed; Venkatesh Maled; Afshin Maleki; Shokofeh Maleki; Reza Malekzadeh; Ahmad Azam Malik; Deborah Carvalho Malta; Abdullah A. Mamun; Borhan Mansouri; Mohammad Ali Mansournia; Gabriel Martinez; Santi Martini; Francisco Rogerlandio Martins-Melo; Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi; Pallab K. Maulik; Colm McAlinden; John J. McGrath; Carlo Eduardo Medina-Solis; Entezar Mehrabi Nasab; Fabiola Mejia-Rodriguez; Ziad A. Memish; Walter Mendoza; Ritesh G. Menezes; Endalkachew Worku Mengesha; George A. Mensah; Atte Meretoja; Tuomo J. Meretoja; Abera M. Mersha; Tomislav Mestrovic; Bartosz Miazgowski; Tomasz Miazgowski; Irmina Maria Michalek; Ted R. Miller; G. K. Mini; Mohammad Miri; Andreea Mirica; Erkin M. 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Nnaji; Shuhei Nomura; Nurulamin M. Noor; Jean Jacques Noubiap; Virginia Nunez-Samudio; Vincent Ebuka Nwatah; Bogdan Oancea; Oluwakemi Ololade Odukoya; Felix Akpojene Ogbo; Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya; Jacob Olusegun Olusanya; Ahmed Omar Bali; Obinna E. Onwujekwe; Alberto Ortiz; Adrian Otoiu; Nikita Otstavnov; Stanislav S. Otstavnov; Mayowa O. Owolabi; P. A. Mahesh; Jagadish Rao Padubidri; Smita Pakhale; Keyvan Pakshir; Pramod Kumar Pal; Raffaele Palladino; Adrian Pana; Songhomitra Panda-Jonas; Anamika Pandey; Ashok Pandey; Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal; Helena Ullyartha Pangaribuan; Ana Melisa Pardo-Montano; Eun-Kee Park; Sangram Kishor Patel; George C. Patton; Shrikant Pawar; Hamidreza Pazoki Toroudi; Amy E. Peden; Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito; Emmanuel K. Peprah; Jeevan Pereira; Jorge Perez-Gomez; Norberto Perico; Konrad Pesudovs; Thomas Pilgrim; Marina Pinheiro; Michael A. Piradov; Meghdad Pirsaheb; James A. Platts-Mills; Khem Narayan Pokhrel; Maarten J. 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Singh; Deepika Singhal; Dhirendra Narain Sinha; Eirini Skiadaresi; Valentin Yurievich Skryabin; Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina; David A. Sleet; Badr Hasan Sobaih; Mohammad Reza Sobhiyeh; Shahin Soltani; Joan B. Soriano; Emma Elizabeth Spurlock; Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy; Paschalis Steiropoulos; Mark A. Stokes; Stefan Stortecky; Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan; Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader; Gerhard Sulo; Carolyn B. Swope; Bryan L. Sykes; Mindy D. 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Wilner; Charles Shey Wiysonge; Ai-Min Wu; Chenkai Wu; Yang Xie; Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari; Kazumasa Yamagishi; Srikanth Yandrapalli; Sanni Yaya; Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi; Paul Yip; Naohiro Yonemoto; Seok-Jun Yoon; Mustafa Z. Younis; Zabihollah Yousefi; Taraneh Yousefinezhadi; Chuanhua Yu; Sifat Shahana Yusuf; Syed Saoud Zaidi; Sojib Bin Zaman; Mohammad Zamani; Maryam Zamanian; Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin; Anasthasia Zastrozhina; Yunquan Zhang; Zhi-Jiang Zhang; Xiu-Ju George Zhao; Arash Ziapour; Simon Hay; Christopher J. L. Murray; Haidong Wang; Nicholas J. Kassebaum; GBD 2019 Under-5 Mortality Collabo

doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01207-1

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Global, regional, and national progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 for neonatal and child health: all-cause and cause-specific mortality findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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Global, regional, and national progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 for neonatal and child health: all-cause and cause-specific mortality findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Katherine R. Paulson, Aruna M. Kamath, Tahiya Alam, Kelly Bienhoff, Gdiom Gebreheat Abady, Jaffar Abbas, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Hedayat Abbastabar, Foad Abd-Allah, Sherief M. Abd-Elsalam, …

The Lancet (British edition), Vol.398(10303), pp.870-905

10/09/2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01207-1

PMID: 34416195

Abstract

General & Internal Medicine

Life Sciences & Biomedicine

Medicine, General & Internal

Science & Technology

Background Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 has targeted elimination of preventable child mortality, reduction of neonatal death to less than 12 per 1000 livebirths, and reduction of death of children younger than 5 years to less than 25 per 1000 livebirths, for each country by 2030. To understand current rates, recent trends, and potential trajectories of child mortality for the next decade, we present the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 findings for all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality in children younger than 5 years of age, with multiple scenarios for child mortality in 2030 that include the consideration of potential effects of COVID-19, and a novel framework for quantifying optimal child survival. Methods We completed all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality analyses from 204 countries and territories for detailed age groups separately, with aggregated mortality probabilities per 1000 livebirths computed for neonatal mortality rate (NMR) and under-5 mortality rate (USMR). Scenarios for 2030 represent different potential trajectories, notably including potential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the potential impact of improvements preferentially targeting neonatal survival. Optimal child survival metrics were developed by age, sex, and cause of death across all GBD location-years. The first metric is a global optimum and is based on the lowest observed mortality, and the second is a survival potential frontier that is based on stochastic frontier analysis of observed mortality and Healthcare Access and Quality Index. Findings Global U5MR decreased from 71.2 deaths per 1000 livebirths (95% uncertainty interval WI] 68.3-74-0) in 2000 to 37.1 (33.2-41.7) in 2019 while global NMR correspondingly declined more slowly from 28.0 deaths per 1000 live births (26.8-29-5) in 2000 to 17.9 (16.3-19-8) in 2019. In 2019,136 (67%) of 204 countries had a USMR at or below the SDG 3.2 threshold and 133 (65%) had an NMR at or below the SDG 3.2 threshold, and the reference scenario suggests that by 2030,154 (75%) of all countries could meet the U5MR targets, and 139 (68%) could meet the NMR targets. Deaths of children younger than 5 years totalled 9.65 million (95% UI 9.05-10.30) in 2000 and 5.05 million (4.27-6.02) in 2019, with the neonatal fraction of these deaths increasing from 39% (3.76 million [95% UI 3.53-4.021) in 2000 to 48% (2.42 million; 2.06-2.86) in 2019. NMR and U5MR were generally higher in males than in females, although there was no statistically significant difference at the global level. Neonatal disorders remained the leading cause of death in children younger than 5 years in 2019, followed by lower respiratory infections, diarrhoeal diseases, congenital birth defects, and malaria. The global optimum analysis suggests NMR could be reduced to as low as 0.80 (95% UI 0.71-0.86) deaths per 1000 livebirths and U5MR to 1.44 (95% UI 1-27-1.58) deaths per 1000 livebirths, and in 2019, there were as many as 1.87 million (95% UI 1-35-2.58; 37% [95% UI 32-43]) of 5.05 million more deaths of children younger than 5 years than the survival potential frontier. Interpretation Global child mortality declined by almost half between 2000 and 2019, but progress remains slower in neonates and 65 (32%) of 204 countries, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia, are not on track to meet either SDG 3.2 target by 2030. Focused improvements in perinatal and newborn care, continued and expanded delivery of essential interventions such as vaccination and infection prevention, an enhanced focus on equity, continued focus on poverty reduction and education, and investment in strengthening health systems across the development spectrum have the potential to substantially improve USMR. Given the widespread effects of COVID-19, considerable effort will be required to maintain and accelerate progress. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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Title: Global, regional, and national progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 for neonatal and child health: all-cause and cause-specific mortality findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Creators: Katherine R. Paulson - University of Washington
Aruna M. Kamath - University of Washington
Tahiya Alam - University of Washington
Kelly Bienhoff - University of Washington
Gdiom Gebreheat Abady - Adigrat Univ, Dept Nursing, Adigrat, Ethiopia
Jaffar Abbas - Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari - Shahid Beheshti University
Hedayat Abbastabar - University of Tehran
Foad Abd-Allah - Cairo University
Sherief M. Abd-Elsalam - Tanta University
Amir Abdoli - Jahrom University
Aidin Abedi - Univ Southern Calif, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA
Hassan Abolhassani - University of Tehran
Lucas Guimaraes Abreu - Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Pediat Dent, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Eman Abu-Gharbieh - Univ Sharjah, Dept Clin Sci, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates
Niveen M. E. Abu-Rmeileh - Birzeit University
Abdelrahman Abushouk - Harvard University
Aishatu L. Adamu - Bayero University Kano
Oladimeji M. Adebayo - College Station Medical Center
Adeyinka Emmanuel Adegbosin - Griffith University
Victor Adekanmbi - Kings Coll London, Dept Populat Hlth Sci, London, England
Olatunji O. Adetokunboh - Stellenbosch University
Daniel Adedayo Adeyinka - University of Saskatchewan
Jose C. Adsuar - Universidad de Extremadura
Khashayar Afshari - University of Tehran
Mohammad Aghaali - Biostat
Marcela Agudelo-Botero - Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Policy Populat & Hlth Res, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah - University of Technology Sydney
Tauseef Ahmad - Southeast University
Keivan Ahmadi - University of Nottingham
Muktar Beshir Ahmed - Jimma University
Budi Aji - Jenderal Soedirman University
Yonas Akalu - University of Gondar
Oluwaseun Oladapo Akinyemi - Univ Coll Hosp, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Ibadan, Nigeria
Addis Aklilu - Arba Minch University
Ziyad Al-Aly - College Station Medical Center
Khurshid Alam - Murdoch University
Fahad Mashhour Alanezi - Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
Turki M. Alanzi - Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Syst Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Ayman Al-Eyadhy - King Saud University
Tilahun Ali - Haramaya University
Gianfranco Alicandro - Italian Natl Inst Stat, Directorate Social Stat & Populat Census, Rome, Italy
Sheikh Mohammad Alif - Monash University
Vahid Alipour - College Station Medical Center
Hesam Alizade - Hormozgan University
Syed Mohamed Aljunid - Kuwait University
Amir Almasi-Hashiani - Arak University
Nihad A. Almasri - University of Jordan
Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi - Jazan University
Jordi Alonso - Pompeu Fabra University
Rajaa M. Al-Raddadi - King Abdulaziz University
Khalid A. Altirkawi - King Saud University
Arwa Khalid Alumran - Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
Nelson Alvis-Guzman - Univ Costa, Res Grp Hosp Management & Hlth Policies, Barranquilla, Colombia
Nelson J. Alvis-Zakzuk - Univ Costa, Dept Econ Sci, Barranquilla, Colombia
Edward Kwabena Ameyaw - University of Technology Sydney
Saeed Amini - Arak University
Mostafa Amini-Rarani - College Station Medical Center
Arianna Maever L. Amit
Dickson A. Amugsi - African Populat & Hlth Res Ctr, Maternal & Child Wellbeing, Nairobi, Kenya
Robert Ancuceanu - College Station Medical Center
Deanna Anderlini - University of Queensland
Catalina Liliana Andrei - College Station Medical Center
Fereshteh Ansari - Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Evidence Based Med, Tabriz, Iran
Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam - Biostat
Carl Abelardo T. Antonio - Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Appl Social Sci, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
Ernoiz Antriyandarti - Sebelas Maret University
Davood Anvari - College Station Medical Center
Razique Anwer - Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic Univ, Dept Pathol, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Muhammad Aqeel - Fdn Univ Islamabad, Dept Psychol, Rawalpandi, Pakistan
Jalal Arabloo - College Station Medical Center
Morteza Arab-Zozani - College Station Medical Center
Timur Aripov - College Station Medical Center
Johan Arnlov - Karolinska Institutet
Kurnia Dwi Artanti - Univ Airlangga, Dept Epidemiol, Surabaya, Indonesia
Afsaneh Arzani - Supreme Council Of Health
Malke Asaad - Univ Texas Houston, Dept Plast Surg, Houston, TX USA
Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi - College Station Medical Center
Ali A. Asadi-Pooya - Shiraz University
Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi - Biostat
Seyyed Shamsadin Athari - College Station Medical Center
Seyyede Masoume Athari - College Station Medical Center
Desta Debalkie Atnafu - Bahir Dar University
Alok Atreya - College Station Medical Center
Madhu Sudhan Atteraya - Keimyung University
Marcel Ausloos - University of Leicester
Asma Tahir Awan - Capella University
Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla - La Trobe University
Getinet Ayano - Curtin University
Martin Amogre Ayanore - Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dept Hlth Policy Planning & Management, Ho, Ghana
Yared Asmare Aynalem - Debre Berhan University
Samad Azari - College Station Medical Center
Ghasem Azarian - College Station Medical Center
Zelalem Nigussie Azene - University of Gondar
B. B. Darshan - College Station Medical Center
Ebrahim Babaee - College Station Medical Center
Ashish D. Badiye - Govt Inst Forens Sci, Dept Forens Sci, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
Atif Amin Baig - Univ Sultan Zainal Abidin, Unit Biochem, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
Maciej Banach - College Station Medical Center
Palash Chandra Banik - Bangladesh University
Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo - University of Auckland
Hiba Jawdat Barqawi - Univ Sharjah, Clin Sci Dept, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates
Quique Bassat - Universitat de Barcelona
Sanjay Basu - Harvard University
Bernhard T. Baune - University of Münster
Mohsen Bayati - Shiraz University
Neeraj Bedi - Jazan University
Ettore Beghi - Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Dept Neurosci, Milan, Italy
Massimiliano Beghi - AUSL Romagna, Mental Hlth, Ravenna, Italy
Michelle L. Bell - Yale University
Salaheddine Bendak - Haliç University
Derrick A. Bennett - University of Oxford
Isabela M. Bensenor - University of Sao Paulo
Kidanemaryam Berhe - Mekelle University
Adam E. Berman - Augusta University
Yihienew Mequanint Bezabih - Bahir Dar University
Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula - Charles University
Dinesh Bhandari - University of Adelaide
Nikha Bhardwaj - College Station Medical Center
Pankaj Bhardwaj - College Station Medical Center
Krittika Bhattacharyya - Natl Inst Biomed Genom, Dept Stat & Computat Genom, Kalyani, W Bengal, India
Suraj Bhattarai - Global Inst Interdisciplinary Studies, Dept Global Hlth, Kathmandu, Nepal
Zulfiqar A. Bhutta - University of Toronto
Boris Bikbov - Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Ranica, Italy
Antonio Biondi - University of the Philippines Manila
Binyam Minuye Birihane - Ethiopian Publ Hlth Inst, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Raaj Kishore Biswas - UNSW Sydney
Somayeh Bohlouli - Islamic Azad Univ, Dept Vet Med, Kermanshah, Iran
Nicola Luigi Bragazzi - University of Genoa
Alexey Breusov - Peoples' Friendship University of Russia
Andre R. Brunoni - University of Sao Paulo
Katrin Burkart - University of Washington
Sharath Burugina Nagaraja - College Station Medical Center
Reinhard Busse - Tech Univ Berlin, Dept Hlth Care Management, Berlin, Germany
Zahid A. Butt - University of Waterloo
Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos - Supreme Council Of Health
Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado - Supreme Council Of Health
Paulo Camargos - Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Pediat, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Luis Alberto Camera - College Station Medical Center
Rosario Cardenas - Metropolitan Autonomous Univ, Dept Hlth Care, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Giulia Carreras - Florence
Juan J. Carrero - Karolinska Institutet
Felix Carvalho - Universidade do Porto
Joao Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia - University of Sao Paulo
Carlos A. Castaneda-Orjuela - Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Hlth Observ, Bogota, Colombia
Giulio Castelpietra - University of Udine
Ester Cerin - Australian Catholic University
Jung-Chen Chang - College Station Medical Center
Wagaye Fentahun Chanie - University of Gondar
Jaykaran Charan - College Station Medical Center
Souranshu Chatterjee - Medanta, Dept Microbiol & Infect Control, Gurugram, India
Soosanna Kumary Chattu - Texila Amer Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Georgetown, Guyana
Vijay Kumar Chattu - University of Toronto
Sarika Chaturvedi - Dr DY Patil Univ, Res Dept, Pune, Maharashtra, India
Simiao Chen - Heidelberg Univ, Heidelberg Inst Global Hlth HIGH, Heidelberg, Germany
Daniel Youngwhan Cho - University of Washington
Jee-Young Jasmine Choi - Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Biomed Informat, Seoul, South Korea
Dinh-Toi Chu - Supreme Council Of Health
Liliana G. Ciobanu - University of South Australia
Massimo Cirillo - University of Naples Federico II
Joao Conde - University of Lisbon
Vera Marisa Costa - Universidade do Porto
Rosa A. S. Couto - Universidade do Porto
Berihun Assefa Dachew - University of Gondar
Saad M. A. Dahlawi - Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
Hancheng Dai - Peking University
Xiaochen Dai - University of Washington
Lalit Dandona - University of Washington
Rakhi Dandona - University of Washington
Parnaz Daneshpajouhnejad - College Station Medical Center
Gary L. Darmstadt - Stanford University
Jai K. Das - Aga Khan Univ, Div Women & Child Hlth, Karachi, Pakistan
Claudio Alberto Davila-Cervantes - Latin Amer Fac Social Sci Mexico, Dept Populat & Dev, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Adrian C. Davis - Imperial Coll London, Dept Surg & Canc, London, England
Kairat Davletov - Alma
Fernando Pio De la Hoz - Univ Nacl Colombia, Dept Publ Hlth, Bogota, Colombia
Diego De Leo - Griffith University
Farah Deeba - Jamia Millia Islamia
Edgar Denova-Gutierrez - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Nutr & Hlth Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Nikolaos Dervenis - Royal Liverpool Univ Hosp, St Pauls Eye Unit, Liverpool, Merseyside, England
Assefa Desalew - Haramaya University
Keshab Deuba - Karolinska Institutet
Sagnik Dey - Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne - University of Washington
Sameer Dhingra - Natl Inst Pharmaceut Educ & Res, Dept Pharm Practice, Hajipur, India
Govinda Prasad Dhungana - Far-western University
Diana Dias da Silva - Universidade do Porto
Daniel Diaz - Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Complex Sci, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Fariba Dorostkar - College Station Medical Center
Leila Doshmangir - College Station Medical Center
Eleonora Dubljanin - University of Belgrade
Andre Rodrigues Duraes - Supreme Council Of Health
Arielle Wilder Eagan - Harvard University
Hisham Atan Edinur - Supreme Council Of Health
Ferry Efendi - Univ Airlangga, Community Hlth Nursing, Surabaya, Indonesia
Sahar Eftekharzadeh - Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div Urol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
Iman El Sayed - Alexandria University
Maha El Tantawi - Alexandria University
Iffat Elbarazi - United Arab Emirates University
Islam Y. Elgendy - Harvard University
Shaimaa El-Jaafary - Cairo University
Amir Emami - Shiraz University
Shymaa Enany - Suez Canal University
Oghenowede Eyawo - York Univ, Fac Hlth, Toronto, BC, Canada
Sayeh Ezzikouri - Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute
Pawan Sirwan Faris - University of Pavia
Farshad Farzadfar - University of Tehran
Nazir Fattahi - College Station Medical Center
Nelsensius Klau Fauk - Flinders University
Mehdi Fazlzadeh - University of Tehran
Valery L. Feigin - University of Washington
Tomas Y. Ferede - Hawassa University
Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad - Karolinska Institutet
Eduarda Fernandes - Universidade do Porto
Pietro Ferrara - University of Milano-Bicocca
Irina Filip - Kaiser Permanente
Florian Fischer - Ravensburg Weingarten Univ Appl Sci, Inst Gerontol Hlth Serv & Nursing Res, Weingarten, Germany
James L. Fisher - The Ohio State University
Nataliya A. Foigt - College Station Medical Center
Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan - Obafemi Awolowo Univ, Dept Child Dent Hlth, Ife, Nigeria
Masoud Foroutan - College Station Medical Center
Richard Charles Franklin - James Cook University
Marisa Freitas - Universidade do Porto
Sara D. Friedman - Supreme Council Of Health
Takeshi Fukumoto - Kobe University
Mohamed M. Gad - College Station Medical Center
Abhay Motiramji Gaidhane - College Station Medical Center
Shilpa Gaidhane - College Station Medical Center
Santosh Gaihre - Ulster Univ, Nutr Innovat Ctr Food & Hlth NICHE, Coleraine, Londonderry, North Ireland
Silvano Gallus - Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Milan, Italy
Alberto L. Garcia-Basteiro - Manhica Hlth Res Ctr, Dept TB, Manhica, Mozambique
Ma Garcia-Gordillo - University of Chile
William M. Gardner - University of Washington
Mariana Gaspar Fonseca - Natl Hlth Serv, London, England
Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin - Addis Ababa University
Lemma Getacher - Debre Berhan University
Ahmad Ghashghaee - College Station Medical Center
Asadollah Gholamian - Islamic Azad Univ, Young Researchers & Elite Club, Rasht, Iran
Syed Amir Gilani - University of Lahore
Tiffany K. Gill - University of Adelaide
Giorgia Giussani - Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Lab Neurol Disorders, Milan, Italy
Elena Gnedovskaya - Res Ctr Neurol, Dept Neurol 3, Moscow, Russia
Myron Anthony Godinho - UNSW Sydney
Amit Goel - Supreme Council Of Health
Mahaveer Golechha - Indian Inst Publ Hlth Gandhinagar, Hlth Syst & Policy Res, Gandhinagar, India
Philimon N. Gona - Univ Massachusetts, Dept Exercise & Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02125 USA
Sameer Vali Gopalani - University of Oklahoma
Houman Goudarzi - Hokkaido University
Michal Grivna - United Arab Emirates University
Harish Chander Gugnani - Supreme Council Of Health
Davide Guido - Fdn IRCCS Ist Neurol Carlo Besta, Neurol Publ Hlth & Disabil Unit, Carlo Besta Neurol Inst, UO Neurol Salute Pubbl & Disabilit, Milan, Italy
Rafael Alves Guimaraes - Univ Fed Goias, Inst Trop Pathol & Publ Hlth IPTSP, Goiania, Go, Brazil
Rajat Das Gupta
Rajeev Gupta - University of South Carolina
Nima Hafezi-Nejad - University of Tehran
Mohammad Rifat Haider - Ohio University
Arvin Haj-Mirzaian - Shahid Beheshti University
Samer Hamidi - Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University
Asif Hanif - University of Lahore
Graeme J. Hankey - University of Western Australia
Arief Hargono - Univ Airlangga, Dept Epidemiol, Surabaya, Indonesia
Ahmed Hasaballah - Al Azhar Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, Cairo, Egypt
Md Mehedi Hasan - University of Queensland
Syed Shahzad Hasan - University of Huddersfield
Amr Hassan - Cairo University
Soheil Hassanipour - College Station Medical Center
Hadi Hassankhani - Supreme Council Of Health
Rasmus J. Havmoeller - Skaane Univ Hosp, Skaane Cty Council, Malmo, Sweden
Khezar Hayat - Univ Vet & Anim Sci, Inst Pharmaceut Sci, Lahore, Pakistan
Reza Heidari-Soureshjani - University of Tehran
Nathaniel J. Henry - University of Oxford
Claudiu Herteliu - Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania
Michael K. Hole - Univ Texas Austin, Dept Pediat, Austin, TX USA
Ramesh Holla - College Station Medical Center
Naznin Hossain - Bangladesh Ind Gases Ltd, Dept Pharmacol, Tangail, Bangladesh
Mostafa Hosseini - University of Tehran
Mehdi Hosseinzadeh - College Station Medical Center
Mihaela Hostiuc - College Station Medical Center
Sorin Hostiuc - College Station Medical Center
Mowafa Househ - Hamad bin Khalifa University
Junjie Huang - Supreme Council Of Health
Ayesha Humayun - College Station Medical Center
Bing-Fang Hwang - College Station Medical Center
Ivo Iavicoli - University of Naples Federico II
Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye - University of Ibadan
Kevin S. Ikuta - University of Washington
Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi - College Station Medical Center
Irena M. Ilic - University of Belgrade
Milena D. Ilic
Sumant Inamdar - College Station Medical Center
Leeberk Raja Inbaraj - College Station Medical Center
Khalid Iqbal - College Station Medical Center
Usman Iqbal - College Station Medical Center
M. Mofizul Islam - La Trobe University
Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam - Deakin University
Hiroyasu Iso - Osaka University
Masao Iwagami - Supreme Council Of Health
Chidozie C. D. Iwu - University of Pretoria
Jalil Jaafari - College Station Medical Center
Kathryn H. Jacobsen - George Mason University
Jagnoor Jagnoor - UNSW Sydney
Vardhmaan Jain - College Station Medical Center
Manthan Dilipkumar Janodia - Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Manipal Coll Pharmaceut Sci, Manipal, Karnataka, India
Tahereh Javaheri - Boston University
Fatemeh Javanmardi - Shiraz University
Shubha Jayaram - College Station Medical Center
Achala Upendra Jayatilleke - University of Colombo
Ensiyeh Jenabi - College Station Medical Center
Ravi Prakash Jha - College Station Medical Center
John S. Ji - Duke Kunshan University
Oommen John - UNSW Sydney
Jost B. Jonas - Heidelberg University
Tamas Joo - Semmelweis University
Nitin Joseph - College Station Medical Center
Farahnaz Joukar - College Station Medical Center
Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak - College Station Medical Center
Mikk Jurisson - University of Tartu
Ali Kabir - College Station Medical Center
Zubair Kabir - Supreme Council Of Health
Leila R. Kalankesh - Supreme Council Of Health
Naser Kamyari - Biostat
Tanuj Kanchan - College Station Medical Center
Neeti Kapoor - Govt Inst Forens Sci, Dept Forens Sci, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
Behzad Karami Matin - Shahid Beheshti University
Andre Karch - University of Münster
Salah Eddin Karimi - College Station Medical Center
Getinet Kassahun - Hawassa University
Gbenga A. Kayode - Int Res Ctr Excellence, Inst Human Virol Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
Ali Kazemi Karyani - College Station Medical Center
Laura Kemmer - University of Washington
Nauman Khalid - Supreme Council Of Health
Rovshan Khalilov - Baku State University
Mohammad Khammarnia - College Station Medical Center
Ejaz Ahmad Khan - Biostat
Gulfaraz Khan - United Arab Emirates University
Maseer Khan - Jazan University
Md Nuruzzaman Khan
Young-Ho Khang - Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Seoul, South Korea
Khaled Khatab - Sheffield Hallam University
Amir M. Khater - Cairo University
Mona M. Khater - Cairo University
Maryam Khayamzadeh - Shahid Beheshti University
Ardeshir Khosravi - University of Tehran
Daniel Kim - Northeastern Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Young-Eun Kim
Yun Jin Kim - Natl Hlth Insurance Serv, Big Data Dept, Wonju, South Korea
Ruth W. Kimokoti - Simmons University
Adnan Kisa - Supreme Council Of Health
Sezer Kisa - Oslo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Nursing & Hlth Promot, Oslo, Norway
Niranjan Kissoon - University of British Columbia
Jacek A. Kopec - University of British Columbia
Soewarta Kosen
Parvaiz A. Koul - College Station Medical Center
Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana - College Station Medical Center
Ai Koyanagi - Catalan Inst Res & Adv Studies ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
Kewal Krishan - Panjab University
Vijay Krishnamoorthy - University of Washington
Barthelemy Kuate Defo - Université de Montréal
Burcu Kucuk Bicer - Gazi University
Vaman Kulkarni - College Station Medical Center
G. Anil Kumar
Manasi Kumar - UCL, Div Psychol & Language Sci, London, England
Nithin Kumar - College Station Medical Center
Om P. Kurmi - Coventry University
Dian Kusuma - Supreme Council Of Health
Carlo La Vecchia - University of Milan
Ben Lacey - University of Oxford
Ratilal Lalloo - University of Queensland
Faris Hasan Lami - University of Baghdad
Ivan Landires - College Station Medical Center
Anders O. Larsson - Uppsala University
Savita Lasrado - College Station Medical Center
Zohra S. Lassi - University of Adelaide
Paolo Lauriola - Inst Clin Physiol, Natl Res Council, Pisa, Italy
Paul H. Lee - University of Leicester
Shaun Wen Huey Lee - Monash University
Yo Han Lee - Ajou University
James Leigh - University of Sydney
Matilde Leonardi - Fdn IRCCS Ist Neurol Carlo Besta, Neurol Publ Hlth & Disabil Unit, Carlo Besta Neurol Inst, UO Neurol Salute Pubbl & Disabilit, Milan, Italy
Sonia Lewycka - University of Oxford
Bingyu Li - Shenzhen University
Shanshan Li - Monash University
Juan Liang - West China Second Univ Hosp, Natl Off Maternal & Child Hlth Surveillance, Chengdu, Peoples R China
Lee-Ling Lim - Univ Malaya, Dept Med, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Miteku Andualem Limenih - University of Gondar
Ro-Ting Lin - College Station Medical Center
Xuefeng Liu - Univ Michigan, Dept Syst Populat & Leadership, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
Rakesh Lodha - College Station Medical Center
Alan D. Lopez - University of Washington
Rafael Lozano - University of Washington
Alessandra Lugo - Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Milan, Italy
Raimundas Lunevicius - Liverpool Univ Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Dept Gen Surg, Liverpool, Merseyside, England
Mark T. Mackay - Royal Childrens Hosp, Neurol Dept, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Shilpashree Madhava Kunjathur - College Station Medical Center
Francesca Giulia Magnani - Fdn IRCCS Ist Neurol Carlo Besta, Neurol Publ Hlth & Disabil Unit, Carlo Besta Neurol Inst, UO Neurol Salute Pubbl & Disabilit, Milan, Italy
D. R. Mahadeshwara Prasad - College Station Medical Center
Mina Maheri - Urmia University
Morteza Mahmoudi - Michigan State University
Azeem Majeed - Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England
Venkatesh Maled - College Station Medical Center
Afshin Maleki - University of Tehran
Shokofeh Maleki - College Station Medical Center
Reza Malekzadeh - University of Tehran
Ahmad Azam Malik - King Abdulaziz University
Deborah Carvalho Malta - Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Maternal & Child Nursing & Publ Hlth, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Abdullah A. Mamun - University of Queensland
Borhan Mansouri - College Station Medical Center
Mohammad Ali Mansournia - University of Tehran
Gabriel Martinez - Autonomous Technol Inst Mexico, Dept Econ, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Santi Martini - Univ Airlangga, Fac Publ Hlth, Surabaya, Indonesia
Francisco Rogerlandio Martins-Melo - Fed Inst Educ Sci & Technol Ceara, Campus Caucaia, Caucaia, Brazil
Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi - College Station Medical Center
Pallab K. Maulik - UNSW Sydney
Colm McAlinden - Singleton Hosp, Dept Ophthalmol, Swansea, W Glam, Wales
John J. McGrath - University of Queensland
Carlo Eduardo Medina-Solis - Autonomous Univ Hidalgo State, Dept Dent, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico
Entezar Mehrabi Nasab - University of Tehran
Fabiola Mejia-Rodriguez - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Res Nutr & Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Ziad A. Memish - Alfaisal University
Walter Mendoza - United Nations
Ritesh G. Menezes - Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
Endalkachew Worku Mengesha - Bahir Dar University
George A. Mensah - NIH, Ctr Translat Res & Implementat Sci, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
Atte Meretoja - University of Melbourne
Tuomo J. Meretoja - Helsinki Univ Hosp, Breast Surg Unit, Helsinki, Finland
Abera M. Mersha - Arba Minch University
Tomislav Mestrovic - Zora Profozic Polyclin, Clin Microbiol & Parasitol Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
Bartosz Miazgowski - College Station Medical Center
Tomasz Miazgowski - College Station Medical Center
Irmina Maria Michalek - Lausanne Univ Hosp, Woman Mother Child Dept, Lausanne, Switzerland
Ted R. Miller - Curtin University
G. K. Mini - Ananthapuri Hosp & Res Inst, Global Inst Publ Hlth, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
Mohammad Miri - College Station Medical Center
Andreea Mirica - Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania
Erkin M. Mirrakhimov - College Station Medical Center
Hamed Mirzaei - College Station Medical Center
Maryam Mirzaei - College Station Medical Center
Babak Moazen - Heidelberg Univ, Heidelberg Inst Global Hlth HIGH, Heidelberg, Germany
Masoud Moghadaszadeh - College Station Medical Center
Bahram Mohajer - University of Tehran
Osama Mohamad - Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiat Oncol, San Francisco, CA USA
Yousef Mohammad - King Saud University
Seyyede Momeneh Mohammadi - College Station Medical Center
Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani - Shahrekord University
Shafiu Mohammed - Heidelberg Univ, Heidelberg Inst Global Hlth HIGH, Heidelberg, Germany
Ali H. Mokdad - University of Washington
Mariam Molokhia - College Station Medical Center
Lorenzo Monasta - Burlo Garofolo Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Clin Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Res Unit, Trieste, Italy
Stefania Mondello - Messina Univ, Dept Biomed & Dent Sci & Morphofunct Imaging, Messina, Italy
Mohammad Ali Moni - UNSW Sydney
Catrin E. Moore - University of Oxford
Ghobad Moradi - College Station Medical Center
Masoud Moradi - College Station Medical Center
Rahmatollah Moradzadeh - Arak University
Paula Moraga - King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Comp Elect & Math Sci & Engn Div, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
Lidia Morawska - Queensland University of Technology
Shane Douglas Morrison - Supreme Council Of Health
Jonathan F. Mosser - University of Washington
Amin Mousavi Khaneghah - Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)
Ghulam Mustafa - College Station Medical Center
Mehdi Naderi - College Station Medical Center
Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan - Initiat Financing Hlth & Human Dev, Res & Analyt Dept, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Shankar Prasad Nagaraju - Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Nephrol, Manipal, Karnataka, India
Mohsen Naghavi - University of Washington
Behshad Naghshtabrizi - College Station Medical Center
Mukhammad David Naimzada - Moscow Inst Phys & Technol, Lab Publ Hlth Indicators Anal & Hlth Digitalizat, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia
Vinay Nangia - Suraj Eye Institute
Sreenivas Narasimha Swamy - College Station Medical Center
Bruno Ramos Nascimento - Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Clin Med, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Muhammad Naveed - Univ Cent Punjab, Dept Biotechnol, Lahore, Pakistan
Javad Nazari - Arak University
Rawlance Ndejjo - Makerere University
Ionut Negoi - College Station Medical Center
Ruxandra Irina Negoi - College Station Medical Center
Evangelia Nena - Democritus University of Thrace
Samata Nepal - Kathmandu University
Henok Biresaw Netsere - University of Gondar
Georges Nguefack-Tsague - Univ Yaounde I, Dept Publ Hlth, Yaounde, Cameroon
Josephine W. Ngunjiri - University of Embu
Chi Thi Yen Nguyen - Biostat
Cuong Tat Nguyen - Duy Tan University
Huong Lan Thi Nguyen - Duy Tan University
Yeshambel T. Nigatu - Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Inst Mental Hlth & Policy, Toronto, ON, Canada
Samuel Negash Nigussie - Mizan Tepi University
Molly R. Nixon - University of Washington
Chukwudi A. Nnaji - University of Cape Town
Shuhei Nomura - Keio University
Nurulamin M. Noor - College Station Medical Center
Jean Jacques Noubiap - University of Adelaide
Virginia Nunez-Samudio - College Station Medical Center
Vincent Ebuka Nwatah - University of Liverpool
Bogdan Oancea - University of Bucharest
Oluwakemi Ololade Odukoya - University of Lagos
Felix Akpojene Ogbo - Western Sydney University
Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya - Start
Jacob Olusegun Olusanya - Start
Ahmed Omar Bali - Univ Human Dev, Diplomacy & Publ Relat Dept, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
Obinna E. Onwujekwe - University of Nigeria, Nsukka
Alberto Ortiz - Autonomous University of Madrid
Adrian Otoiu - Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania
Nikita Otstavnov - Moscow Inst Phys & Technol, Lab Publ Hlth Indicators Anal & Hlth Digitalizat, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia
Stanislav S. Otstavnov - Moscow Inst Phys & Technol, Lab Publ Hlth Indicators Anal & Hlth Digitalizat, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia
Mayowa O. Owolabi - College Station Medical Center
P. A. Mahesh - College Station Medical Center
Jagadish Rao Padubidri - College Station Medical Center
Smita Pakhale - College Station Medical Center
Keyvan Pakshir - Shiraz University
Pramod Kumar Pal - Natl Inst Mental Hlth & Neurosci, Dept Neurol, Bengalore, India
Raffaele Palladino - Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England
Adrian Pana - Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania
Songhomitra Panda-Jonas - Heidelberg Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, Heidelberg, Germany
Anamika Pandey - Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India
Ashok Pandey - Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India
Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal - Somnogen Canada Inc, Toronto, ON, Canada
Helena Ullyartha Pangaribuan - Minist Hlth, Natl Inst Hlth Res & Dev, Jakarta, Indonesia
Ana Melisa Pardo-Montano - Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Econ Geog, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Eun-Kee Park - Kosin University
Sangram Kishor Patel - Populat Council, Dept Poverty Gender & Youth, New Delhi, India
George C. Patton - University of Melbourne
Shrikant Pawar - Yale University
Hamidreza Pazoki Toroudi - College Station Medical Center
Amy E. Peden - UNSW Sydney
Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito - Ateneo de Manila University
Emmanuel K. Peprah - Supreme Council Of Health
Jeevan Pereira - Yenepoya University
Jorge Perez-Gomez - Universidad de Extremadura
Norberto Perico - Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Bergamo, Italy
Konrad Pesudovs - UNSW Sydney
Thomas Pilgrim - University of Bern
Marina Pinheiro - Universidade do Porto
Michael A. Piradov - Res Ctr Neurol, Dept Neurol 3, Moscow, Russia
Meghdad Pirsaheb - College Station Medical Center
James A. Platts-Mills - University of Virginia
Khem Narayan Pokhrel - Integrated Dev Fdn Nepal, HIV & Mental Hlth Dept, Kathmandu, Nepal
Maarten J. Postma - University of Groningen
Hadi Pourjafar - College Station Medical Center
Sergio Prada - Ctr Invest Clin, Cali, Colombia
Sanjay Prakash - MED Institute
Elisabetta Pupillo - Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Dept Neurosci, Milan, Italy
Zahiruddin Quazi Syed - College Station Medical Center
Navid Rabiee - Sharif University of Technology
Amir Radfar - College Station Medical Center
Ata Rafiee - University of Alberta
Alireza Rafiei - College Station Medical Center
Alberto Raggi - Fdn IRCCS Ist Neurol Carlo Besta, Neurol Publ Hlth & Disabil Unit, Carlo Besta Neurol Inst, UO Neurol Salute Pubbl & Disabilit, Milan, Italy
Shadi Rahimzadeh - Middlesex Univ, Dept Nat Sci, London, England
Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman - College Station Medical Center
Amir Masoud Rahmani - Natl Yunlin Univ Sci & Technol, Future Technol Res Ctr, Touliu, Yunlin, Taiwan
Kiana Ramezanzadeh - Shahid Beheshti University
Juwel Rana - North South Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Chhabi Lal Ranabhat - Policy Res Inst, Res Dept, Kathmandu, Nepal
Sowmya J. Rao - Srinivas Inst Dent Sci, Dept Oral Pathol, Mangalore, India
Davide Rasella - British Science Association
Prateek Rastogi - College Station Medical Center
Priya Rathi - College Station Medical Center
David Laith Rawaf - Imperial Coll London, WHO Collaborating Ctr Publ Hlth Educ & Training, London, England
Salman Rawaf - Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England
Wasiq Faraz Rawasia - River Reg Cardiol Associates, Montgomery, WV USA
Reza Rawassizadeh - Boston University
Robert C. Reiner Jr
Giuseppe Remuzzi - Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Bergamo, Italy
Andre M. N. Renzaho - Western Sydney University
Bhageerathy Reshmi - Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Hlth Informat Management, Manipal, Karnataka, India
Serge Resnikoff - UNSW Sydney
Negar Rezaei - Universal Sci Educ & Res Network USERN, NIIMA Network Immun Infect Malignancy & Autoimmun, Tehran, Iran
Nima Rezaei - University of Tehran
Aziz Rezapour - College Station Medical Center
Seyed Mohammad Riahi - College Station Medical Center
Daniela Ribeiro - Universidade do Porto
Jennifer Rickard - University of Minnesota
Leonardo Roever - Federal Reserve
Luca Ronfani - Burlo Garofolo Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Clin Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Res Unit, Trieste, Italy
Dietrich Rothenbacher - College Station Medical Center
Enrico Rubagotti - Icesi University
Susan Fred Rumisha - Telethon Kids Institute
Paul MacDaragh Ryan - Supreme Council Of Health
Basema Saddik - Univ Sharjah, Dept Family & Community Med, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates
Ehsan Sadeghi - College Station Medical Center
Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam - University of Tehran
Rajesh Sagar - College Station Medical Center
Amirhossein Sahebkar - College Station Medical Center
Mohammad Reza Salahshoor - College Station Medical Center
Sana Salehi - Univ Southern Calif, Dept Radiol, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA
Marwa Rashad Salem - Cairo University
Hamideh Salimzadeh - University of Tehran
Joshua A. Salomon - Stanford University
Yoseph Leonardo Samodra - Duta Wacana Christian University
Abdallah M. Samy - Ain Shams University
Juan Sanabria - Marshall University
Milena M. Santric-Milicevic - University of Belgrade
Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy - College Station Medical Center
Abdur Razzaque Sarker - Bangladesh Inst Dev Studies BIDS, Hlth Econ Dept, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Nizal Sarrafzadegan - College Station Medical Center
Arash Sarveazad - College Station Medical Center
Brijesh Sathian - College Station Medical Center
Thirunavukkarasu Sathish - McMaster University
Davide Sattin - Fdn IRCCS Ist Neurol Carlo Besta, Neurol Publ Hlth & Disabil Unit, Carlo Besta Neurol Inst, UO Neurol Salute Pubbl & Disabilit, Milan, Italy
Sonia Saxena - Supreme Council Of Health
Ganesh Kumar Saya - College Station Medical Center
Mete Saylan - Bayer, Market Access, Istanbul, Turkey
Silvia Schiavolin - Fdn IRCCS Ist Neurol Carlo Besta, Neurol Publ Hlth & Disabil Unit, Carlo Besta Neurol Inst, UO Neurol Salute Pubbl & Disabilit, Milan, Italy
Markus P. Schlaich - University of Western Australia
David C. Schwebel - University of Alabama
Falk Schwendicke - Charite Univ Med Ctr Berlin, Oral Diag Digital Hlth & Hlth Serv Res, Berlin, Germany
Subramanian Senthilkumaran - College Station Medical Center
Sadaf G. Sepanlou - University of Tehran
Edson Servan-Mori - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Syst Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Feng Sha - Ctr Biomed Informat Technol, Shenzhen Inst Adv Technol, Shenzhen, Peoples R China
Omid Shafaat - College Station Medical Center
Saeed Shahabi - Shiraz University
Mohammad Shahbaz - Shahid Beheshti University
Amira A. Shaheen - Najah Natl Univ, Publ Hlth Div, Nablus, Palestine
Izza Shahid - Ziauddin University
Masood Ali Shaikh
Saeed Shakiba - University of Tehran
Ali S. Shalash - Ain Shams University
Mehran Shams-Beyranvand - Supreme Council Of Health
Mohammed Shannawaz - BLDE University
Kiomars Sharafi - College Station Medical Center
Aziz Sheikh - Harvard University
Sara Sheikhbahaei - Johns Hopkins University
Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw - Debre Berhan University
Mika Shigematsu - Natl Inst Infect Dis, Tokyo, Japan
Jae Il Shin - Yonsei University
Rahman Shiri - Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Helsinki, Finland
Ivy Shiue - European Commiss, Res Execut Agcy, Brussels, Belgium
Kerem Shuval - University of Haifa
Tariq Jamal Siddiqi - College Station Medical Center
Negussie Boti Sidemo - Arba Minch University
Inga Dora Sigfusdottir - Reykjavík University
Rannveig Sigurvinsdottir - Reykjavík University
Joao Pedro Silva - Universidade do Porto
Jonathan I. S. Silverberg - George Washington University
Biagio Simonetti - University of Sannio
Balbir Bagicha Singh - University of Sydney
Jasvinder A. Singh - University of Alabama
Deepika Singhal - College Station Medical Center
Dhirendra Narain Sinha - Supreme Council Of Health
Eirini Skiadaresi - Hywel Dda Univ Hlth Board, Dept Ophthalmol, Llanelli, England
Valentin Yurievich Skryabin - Moscow Res & Pract Ctr Addict, Dept 16, Moscow, Russia
Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina - Balashiha Cent Hosp, Therapeut Dept, Balashikha, Russia
David A. Sleet - Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA
Badr Hasan Sobaih - King Saud University
Mohammad Reza Sobhiyeh - College Station Medical Center
Shahin Soltani - College Station Medical Center
Joan B. Soriano - Autonomous University of Madrid
Emma Elizabeth Spurlock - University of Washington
Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy - College Station Medical Center
Paschalis Steiropoulos - Democritus University of Thrace
Mark A. Stokes - Deakin University
Stefan Stortecky - University of Bern
Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan - Ahmadu Bello University
Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader - Manonmaniam Sundaranar University
Gerhard Sulo - Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Bergen, Norway
Carolyn B. Swope - Columbia University
Bryan L. Sykes - Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Criminol Law & Soc, Irvine, CA USA
Mindy D. Szeto - Univ Colorado, Dept Dermatol, Aurora, CO USA
Miklos Szocska - Semmelweis University
Rafael Tabares-Seisdedos - Universitat de València
Eyayou Girma Tadesse - Arba Minch University
Amir Taherkhani - College Station Medical Center
Animut Tagele Tamiru - University of Gondar
Md Ismail Tareque - University of Rajshahi
Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi - College Station Medical Center
Mohamad-Hani Temsah - King Saud University
Fisaha Haile Tesfay - Mekelle University
Gizachew Assefa Tessema - Curtin University
Zemenu Tadesse Tessema - University of Gondar
Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan - University of Kerala
Rekha Thapar - College Station Medical Center
Musliu Adetola Tolani - Ahmadu Bello University
Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone - University of Sao Paulo
Eugenio Traini - Univ Utrecht, Inst Risk Assessment Sci IRAS, Utrecht, Netherlands
Bach Xuan Tran - College Station Medical Center
Jaya Prasad Tripathy - College Station Medical Center
Giorgos Tsapparellas - Liverpool John Moores University
Aristidis Tsatsakis - University of Crete
Lorainne Tudor Car - Supreme Council Of Health
Riaz Uddin - University of Queensland
Anayat Ullah - College Station Medical Center
Chukwuma David Umeokonkwo - Alex Ekwueme Fed Univ Teaching Hosp Abakaliki, Dept Community Med, Abakaliki, Nigeria
Brigid Unim - Natl Inst Hlth, Dept Cardiovasc Endocrine Metab Dis & Aging, Rome, Italy
Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan - College Station Medical Center
Era Upadhyay - Amity Univ Rajasthan, Amity Inst Biotechnol, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Muhammad Shariq Usman - College Station Medical Center
Marco Vacante - University of Catania
Maryam Vaezi - College Station Medical Center
Sahel Valadan Tahbaz - Islamic Azad Univ, Dept Microbiol, Tehran, Iran
Pascual R. Valdez - Sarsfield Hosp, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina
Tommi Juhani Vasankari - UKK Inst, Tampere, Finland
Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian - Raffles Hosp, Raffles Neurosci Ctr, Singapore, Singapore
Madhur Verma - College Station Medical Center
Francesco S. Violante - University of Bologna
Vasily Vlassov - Supreme Council Of Health
Bay Vo - Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology
Giang Thu Vu - Trường ĐH Nguyễn Tất Thành
Yohannes Dibaba Wado - African Populat & Hlth Res Ctr, Populat Dynam & Sexual & Reprod Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya
Yasir Waheed - College Station Medical Center
Richard G. Wamai - Northeastern Univ, Cultures Soc & Global Studies & Integrated Initia, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Yanping Wang
Yanzhong Wang - Supreme Council Of Health
Yuan-Pang Wang
Paul Ward - Flinders University
Andrea Werdecker - Fed Inst Populat Res, Demog Change & Aging Res Area, Wiesbaden, Germany
Ronny Westerman - Cohort
Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe - Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Lauren B. Wilner - University of Washington
Charles Shey Wiysonge - University of Cape Town
Ai-Min Wu - College Station Medical Center
Chenkai Wu - Duke Kunshan University
Yang Xie - Beijing Adv Innovat Ctr Big Data Based Precis Med, Dept Behav & Operat Management, Beijing, Peoples R China
Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari - Milad Gen Hosp, Clin Canc Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Kazumasa Yamagishi - Osaka University
Srikanth Yandrapalli - New York Medical College
Sanni Yaya - University of Oxford
Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi - College Station Medical Center
Paul Yip - University of Hong Kong
Naohiro Yonemoto - Natl Ctr Neurol & Psychiat, Dept Neuropsychopharmacol, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
Seok-Jun Yoon - Korea Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Seoul, South Korea
Mustafa Z. Younis - Jackson State University
Zabihollah Yousefi - College Station Medical Center
Taraneh Yousefinezhadi - Shahid Beheshti University
Chuanhua Yu - Wuhan University
Sifat Shahana Yusuf - Girl Effect, Technol Enabled Girl Ambassadors TEGA Programme, London, England
Syed Saoud Zaidi - Dow Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pharmaceut, Karachi, Pakistan
Sojib Bin Zaman - Monash University
Mohammad Zamani - College Station Medical Center
Maryam Zamanian - Arak University
Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin - Moscow Res & Pract Ctr Addict, Lab Genet & Genom, Moscow, Russia
Anasthasia Zastrozhina - College Station Medical Center
Yunquan Zhang - Wuhan University
Zhi-Jiang Zhang - Wuhan University
Xiu-Ju George Zhao - Wuhan University
Arash Ziapour - College Station Medical Center
Simon Hay - University of Washington
Christopher J. L. Murray - University of Washington
Haidong Wang - University of Washington
Nicholas J. Kassebaum - University of Washington
GBD 2019 Under-5 Mortality Collabo
Publication Details: The Lancet (British edition), Vol.398(10303), pp.870-905
Publisher: Elsevier
Number of pages: 36
Date published: 10/09/2021
Grant note: Bill AMP; Melinda Gates Foundation; CGIAR EP/P032427/1 / EPSRC; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Engineering & Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)
Identifiers: 99777873502346
Academic Unit: School of Sustainability, Civil and Environmental Engineering
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article

Global, regional, and national progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 for neonatal and child health: all-cause and cause-specific mortality findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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