Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Jeffrey D. Stanaway; Ashkan Afshin; Emmanuela Gakidou; Stephen S. Lim; Degu Abate; Kalkidan Hassell Abate; Cristiana Abbafati; Nooshin Abbasi; Hedayat Abbastabar; Foad Abd-Allah; Jemal Abdela; Ahmed Abdelalim; Ibrahim Abdollahpour; Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader; Molla Abebe; Zegeye Abebe; Semaw F. Abera; Olifan Zewdie Abil; Haftom Niguse Abraha; Aklilu Roba Abrham; Laith Jamal Abu-Raddad; Niveen M. E. Abu-Rmeileh; Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi; Dilaram Acharya; Pawan Acharya; Abdu A. Adamu; Akikw Awoke Adane; Oladimeji M. Adebayo; Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin; Victor Adekanmbi; Zanfina Ademi; Olatunji Adetokunboh; Mina G. Adib; Amha Admasie; Jose C. Adsuar; Kossivi Agbelenko Afanvi; Mohsen Afarideh; Gina Agarwal; Anju Aggarwal; Sargis Aghast Aghayan; Anurag Agrawal; Sutapa Agrawal; Alireza Ahmadi; Mehdi Ahmadi; Hamid Ahmadieh; Muktar Beshir Ahmed; Amani Nidhal Aichour; Ibtihel Aichour; Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour; Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari; Tomi Akinyemiju; Nadia Akseer; Ziyad Al-Aly; Ayman Al-Eyadhy; Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi; Fares Alandab; Khurshid Alam; Samiah Alam; Tahiya Alam; Alaa Alashi; Seyed Moayed Alavian; Kefyalew Addis Alene; Komal Ali; Syed Mustafa Ali; Mehran Alijanzadeh; Reza Alizadeh-Navaei; Syed Mohamed Aljunid; Ala'a Alkerwi; Francois Alla; Ubai Alsharif; Khalid Altirkawi; Nelson Alvis-Guzman; Azmeraw T. Amare; Walid Ammar; Nahla Hamed Anber; Jason A. Anderson; Catalina Liliana Andrei; Sofia Androudi; Megbaru Debalkie Animut; Mina Anjomshoa; Mustafa Geleto Ansha; Josep M. Anto; Carl Abelardo T. Antonio; Palwasha Anwari; Lambert Tetteh Appiah; Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah; Jalal Arabloo; Olatunde Aremu; Johan Amlov; Al Artaman; Krishna K. Aryal; Hamid Asayesh; Zerihun Ataro; Marcel Ausloos; Euripide F. G. A. Avokpaho; Ashish Awasthi; Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla; Rakesh Ayer; Tanabe B. Ayuk; Peter S. Azzopardi; Arefeh Babazadeff; Hamid Badali; Alaa Badawi; Kalpana Balakrishnan; Ayele Geleto Bali; Kylie Ball; Shoshana H. Bellew; Maciej Banach; Joseph Adel Mattar Banoub; Aleksandra Barac; Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo; Till Winfried Bamighausen; Lope H. Barrero; Sanjay Basu; Bernhard T. Baune; Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi; Neeraj Bedi; Ettore Beghi; Masoud Behzadifar; Meysam Behzadifar; Yannick Bejoy; Bayu Begashaw Bekele; Fyasu Tamru Bekru; Ezra Belay; Yilhalem Abebe Belay; Michelle L. Bell; Aminu K. Bello; Derrick A. Bennett; Isabela M. Bensenor; Gilles Bergeron; Adugnaw Berhane; Eduardo Bemabe; Robert S. Bemstein; Mircea Beuran; Tina Beyranvand; Neeraj Bhala; Ashish Bhalla; Suraj Bhattarai; Zulfiqar A. Bhutta; Belete Biadgo; Ali Bijani; Boris Bikbov; Ver Bilano; Nigus Bililign; Muhamad Shandaat Bin Sayeed; Donal Bisanzio; Tuhin Biswas; Tone Bjorge; Brigette F. Blacker; Archie Bleyer; Rohan Borschmann; Ibrahim R. Bou-Orm; Soufiane Boufous; Rupert Bourne; Oliver J. Brady; Michael Brauer; Alexandra Brazinova; Nicholas J. K. Breitborde; Hermann Brenner; Andrey Nikolaevich Briko; Gabrielle Britton; Traolach Brugha; Rachelle Buchbindet; Richard T. Burnett; Reinhard Busse; Zahid A. Butt; Leah E. Cahill; Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado; Ismael R. Campos-Nonato; Rosario Cardenas; Giulia Carreras; Juan J. Carrero; Felix Carvalho; Carlos A. Castaneda-Orjuela; Jacqueline Castillo Rivas; Franz Castro; Ferran Catala-Lopez; Kate Causey; Kelly M. Cercy; Ester Cerin; Yazan Chaiah; Hying-Ti Chang; Jung-Chen Chang; Kai-Lan Chang; Fiona J. Charlson; Aparajita Chattopadhyay; Vijay Kumar Chattu; Miao Li Chee; Ching-Yu Cheng; Adrienne Chew; Peggy Pei-Chia Chiang; Odgerel Chimed-Ochir; Ken Lee Chin; Abdulaal Chitheer; Jee-Young J. Choi; Rajiv Chowdhury; Hanne Christensen; Devasahayam J. Christopher; Sheng-Chia Chung; Flavia M. Cicuttini; Massimo Grillo; Aaron J. Cohen; Daniel Collado-Mateo; Cyrus Cooper; Owen R. Cooper; Josef Coresh; Leslie Cornaby; Paolo Angelo Cortesi; Monica Cortinovis; Megan Costa; Ewerton Cousin; Michael H. Criqui; Elizabeth A. Cromwell; David K. Cundiff; Alenmeh Kabeta Daba; Berihun Assefa Dachew; Abel Fekadu Dadi; Alberti Antonio Moura Damasceno; Lalit Dandona; Rakhi Dandona; Sarah C. Darby; Paul I. Dargan; Ahmed Daryani; Rajat Das Gupta; Jose Das Neves; Tamirat Tesfaye Dasa; Aditya Prasad Dash; Dragos Virgil Davitoiu; Kairat Davletov; Vanessa De la Cruz-Gongora; Fernando Pio De la Hoz; Diego De Leo; Jan-Walter De Neve; Louisa Degenhardt; Selina Deiparine; Robert P. Dellavalle; Gebre Teklemariam Demoz; Edgar Denova-Gutierrez; Kebede Deribe; Nikolaos Dervenis; Aniruddha Deshpande; Don C. Des Jarlais; Getenet Ayalew Dessie; Gabrielle Aline Deveber; Subhojit Dey; Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne; Meghnath Dhimal; Mesfin Tadese Dinberu; Eric L. Ding; Helen Derara Diro; Shirin Djalalinia; Huyen Phoc Do; Klara Dokova; David Teye Doku; Kerrie La Doyle; Tim R. Driscoll; Manisha Dubey; Eleonora Dubljanin; Eyasu Ejeta Duken; Bruce B. Duncan; Andre R. Duraes; Natalie Ebert; Hedyeh Ebrahimi; Soheil Ebrahimpour; David Edvardsson; Andem Elfiong; Anne Elise Eggen; Charbel El Bcheraoui; Iad El-Khatib; Iqbal Rf Elyazar; Ahmadali Enayati; Aman Yesuf Endries; Benjamin Er; Holly E. Erskine; Sharareh Eskandarieh; Alireza Esteghamati; Kara Estep; Hamed Fakhim; Mahbobeh Faramarzi; Mohammad Fareed; Talha A. Farid; Carla Sofia E. Sa Farinha; Andrea Farioli; Andre Faro; Maryam S. Farvid; Mohammad Hosein Farzaei; Batool Fatima; Kairsten A. Fay; Ali Akbar Fazaeli; Valery L. Feigin; Andrea B. Feigl; Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad; Eduarda Fernandes; Joao C. Fernandes; Giannina Ferrara; Alize J. Ferrari; Manuela L. Ferreira; Irina Filip; Jonas David Finger; Florian Fischer; Nataliya A. Foigt; Kyle J. Foreman; Takeshi Fukumoto; Nancy Fullman; Thomas Furst; Joao M. Furtado; Neal D. Futran; Seana Gall; Silvan Gallus; Amiran Gamkrelidze; Morsaleh Ganji; Alberto L. Garcia-Basteiro; William Ni Gardner; Abadi Kahsu Gebre; Amanuel Tesfay Gebremedhin; Teklu Gebrehiwo Gebremichael; Tilayie Feto Gelano; Johanna M. Geleijnse; Yilma Chisha Dea Geramo; Peter W. Gething; Kebede Embaye Geese; Reza Ghadimi; Keyghobad Ghadiri; Khalil Ghasemi Falavarjani; Maryam Ghasemi-Kasman; Mamata Ghimire; Rakesh Ghosh; Aloke Gopal Ghoshal; Simona Giampaoli; Paramjit Singh Gill; Tiffany K. Gill; Richard F. Gillum; Ibrahim Abdelmageed Ginawi; Giorgia Giussani; Elena V. Gnedovskaya; William W. Godwin; Srinivas Goli; Hector Gomez-Dantes; Philimon N. Gona; Sameer Vali Gopalani; Alessandra C. Goulart; Ayman Grada; Morgan E. Grams; Giuseppe Grosso; Hanish Chander Gugnani; Yuming Guo; Rahul Gupta; Rajeev Gupta; Tanush Gupta; Reyna Alma Gutierrez; Daniela S. Gutierrez-Torres; Juanita A. Haagsma; Tesfa Dejenie Habtewold; Vladimir Hachinski; Nima Hafezi-Nejad; Tekleberhan B. Hagos; Tewodros Tesfa Hailegiyorgis; Gessessew Bugssa Hailu; Arvin Haj-Mirzaian; Arya Haj-Mirzaian; Randah R. Hamadeh; Samer Hamidi; Alexis J. Handal; Graeme J. Hankey; Yuantao Liao; Hilda L. Harb; Sivadasanpillai Harikrishnan; Josep Maria Haro; Hadi Hassankhani; Hamid Yimam Hassen; Rasmus Havmoeller; Caitlin N. Hawley; Simon I. Hay; Akbar Hedayatizadeh-Omran; Behzad Heibati; Behnam Heidari; Mohsen Heidari; Delia Hendrie; Andualem Henok; Ileana Heredia-Pi; Claudiu Herteliu; Fatemeh Heydarpour; Sousan Heydarpour; Desalegn T. Hibstu; Tarig B. Higazi; Esayas Haregot Hilawe; Hans W. Hoek; Howard J. Hoffiman; Michael K. Hole; Enayatollah Homaie Rad; Praveen Hoogar; H. Dean Hosgood; Seyed Mostafa Hosseini; Mehdi Hosseinzadeh; Mihaela Hostiuc; Sorin Hostiuc; Damian G. Hoy; Mohamed Hsairi; Thomas Hsiao; Guoqing Hu; Howard Ha; John J. Huang; Mamusha Aman Hussen; Chantal K. Huynh; Kim Moesgaard Iburg; Nayu Ikeda; Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi; Usman Iqbal; Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani; Caleb Mackay Salpeter Irvine; Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam; Farhad Islami; Maria D. Jackson; Kathryn H. Jacobsen; Leila Jahangiry; Nader Jahanmehr; Sudhir Kumar Jain; Mihajlo Jakovljevic; Spencer L. James; Simerjot K. Jassal; Achala Upendra Jayatilleke; Panniyammakal Jeemon; Ravi Prakash Jha; Vivekanand Jha; John S. Ji; Jost B. Jonas; Jitendra Jonnagaddala; Zahra Jorjoran Shushtari; Ankur Joshi; Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak; Mikk Jurisson; Zubair Kabir; Amaha Kahsay; Rizwan Kalani; Tanuj Kanchan; Surya Kant; Chittaranjan Kar; Manoochehr Karami; Behzad Karami Matin; Andre Karch; Corine Karema; Narges Karimi; Seyed M. Karimi; Amir Kasaeian; Dessalegn H. Kassa; Getachew Mullu Kassa; Tesfaye Dessale Kassa; Nicholas J. Kassebaum; Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi; Anil Kaul; Norito Kawakami; Zhila Kazemi; Ali Kazemi Karyani; Adane Teshome Kefale; Peter Njenga Keiyoro; Grant Rodgers Kemp; Andre Pascal Kengne; Andre Keren; Chandrasekharan Nair Kesavachandran; Yousef Saleh Khader; Behzad Khafaei; Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie; Alireza Khajavi; Nauman Khalid; Ibrahim A. Khalil; Gulfaraz Khan; Muhammad Shahzeb Khan; Muhammad Ali Khan; Young-Ho Khang; Mona M. Khater; Mohammad Khazaei; Habibolah Khazaie; Abdullah T. Khoja; Ardeshir Khosravi; Mohammad Hossein Khosravi; Aliasghar A. Kiadaliri; Daniel N. Kiirithio; Cho-Il Kim; Daniel Kim; Young-Eun Kim; Yun Jin Kim; Ruth W. Kimokoti; Yohannes Kinfh; Adnan Kisa; Katarzyna Kissimova-Skarbek; Mika Kivimaki; Luke D. Knibbs; Ann Kristin Skrindo Knudsen; Sonali Kochhar; Yoshihiro Kokubo; Tufa Kolola; Jacek A. Kopec; Soewarta Kosen; Parvaiz A. Koul; Ai Koyanagi; Michael A. Kravchenko; Kewal Krishan; Kristopher J. Krohn; Hans Kromhout; Barthelemy Kuate Defo; Burcu Kucuk Bicer; G. Anil Kumar; Manasi Kumar; Igor Kuzin; Hmwe Hmwe Kyu; Carl Lachat; Deepesh P. Lad; Sheetal D. Lad; Alessandra Lafranconi; Ratilal Lalloo; Tea Lallukka; Faris Hasan Lami; Justin J. Lang; Van C. Lansingh; Samantha Leigh Larson; Arman Latifi; Jeffrey V. Lazarus; Paul H. Lee; James Leigh; Mostafa Leili; Chem Tesema Leshargie; Janni Leung; Miriam Levi; Sonia Lewycka; Shanshan Li; Yichong Li; Juan Liang; Xiaofeng Liang; Yu Lian; Misgan Legesse Liben; Lee-Ling Lim; Shai Linn; Shiwei Liu; Rakesh Lodha; Giancarlo Logroscino; Alan D. Lopez; Stefan Lorkowski; Paulo A. Lotufo; Rafael Lozano; Tim C. D. Lucas; Raimundas Lunevicius; Stefan Ma; Erlyn Rachele King Macarayan; Isis Eloah Machado; Fabiana Madotto; Hue Thi Mai; Marek Majdan; Reza Majdzadeh; Azeem Majeed; Reza Malekzadeh; Deborah Carvalho Malta; Abdullah A. Mamum; Ana-Laura Manda; Helena Manguerra; Mohammad Ali Mansournia; Lorenzo Giovanni Mantovani; Joemer C. Maravilla; Wagner Marcenes; Ashley Marks; Randall V. Martin; Sheila C. Martins; Francisco Rogerlandio Martins-Melo; Winfried Marz; Melvin B. Marzan; Benjamin Ballard Massenburg; Manu Rai Mathur; Prashant Mathur; Kunihiro Matsushita; Pallab K. Maulik; Mohsen Mazidi; Cohn McAlinden; John J. McGrath; Martin McKee; Ravi Mehrotra; Kala M. Mehta; Varshil Mehta; Toni Meier; Fantahun Ayenew Mekonnen; Yohannes A. Melaku; Addisu Melese; Mulugeta Melku; Peter T. N. Memiah; Ziad A. Memish; Walter Mendoza; Desalegn Tadese Mengistu; George A. Mensah; Gert B. M. Mensink; Seid Tiku Mereta; Atte Meretola; Tuomo J. Meretoja; Tomislav Mestrovic; Haftay Berhane Mezgebe; Bartosz Miazgowski; Tomasz Miazgowski; Anoushka I. Millear; Ted R. Miller; Molly Katherine Miller-Petrie; G. K. Mini; Mojde Mirarefin; Andreea Mirica; Erkin M. Mirrakhimov; Awoke Temesgen Misganaw; Habtamu Mitiku; Babak Moazen; Bahram Mohajer; Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad; Moslem Mohammadi; Noushin Mohammadifard; Mousa Mohammadnia-Afrouzi; Shafiu Mohammed; Farnam Mohebi; Ali H. Mokdad; Mariam Molokhia; Fatemeh Momeniha; Lorenzo Monasta; Yoshan Moodley; Ghobad Moradi; Maziar Moradi-Lakeh; Mehdi Moradinazar; Paula Moraga; Lidia Morawska; Joana Morgado-Da-Costa; Shane Douglas Morrison; Marilita M. Moschos; Simin Mouodi; Seyyed Meysam Mousavi; Dariush Mozaffarian; Kalayu Brhane Mruts; Achenef Asmamaw Muche; Kindle Fentahun Muchie; Ulrich Otto Mueller; Oumer Sada Muhammed; Satinath Mukhopadhyay; Kate Muller; Kamarul Imran Musa; Ghulam Mustafa; Ashraf F. Nabhan; Mohsen Naghavi; Aliya Naheed; Azin Nahvijou; Gurudatta Naik; Nitish Naik; Farid Najafi; Vinay Nangia; Jobert Richie Nansseu; Bruno Ramos Nascimento; Bruce Neal; Nahid Neamati; Iona T. Negoi; Ruxandra Irina Negoi; Subas Neupane; Charles Richard James Newton; Josephine V. Ngunjiri; Anh Quynh Nguyen; Grant Nguyen; Ha Thu Nguyen; Huong Lan Thi Nguyen; Huong Thanh Nguyen; Minh Nguyen; Nam Ba Nguyen; Emma Nichols; Jing Nie; Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum; Yirga Legesse Nirayo; Nobuo Nishi; Molly R. Nixon; Marzieh Nojomi; Shuhei Nomura; Ole F. Norheim; Mehdi Noroozi; Bo Norrving; Jean Jacques Noubiap; Hamid Reza Nouri; Malihe Nourollahpour Shiadeh; Mohammad Reza Nowroozi; Elaine O. Nsoesie; Peter S. Nyasulu; Carla M. Obermeyer; Christopher M. Odell; Richard Ofori-Asenso; Felix Akpojene Ogbo; In-Hwan Oh; Olanrewaju Oladimeji; Andrew T. Olagunju; Tinuke O. Olagunju; Pedro R. Olivares; Helen Elizabeth Olsen; Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya; Jacob Olusegun Olusanya; Kanyin L. Ong; Sok King Ong; Eyal Oren; Heather M. Orpana; Alberto Ortiz; Erika Ota; Stanislav S. Otstavnov; Simon Overland; Mayowa Ojo Owolabi; Mahesh P. A. Rosana Pacella; Abhijit P. Pakhare; Amir H. Pakpour; Adrian Pana; Songhomitra Panda-Jonas; Eun-Kee Park; Charles D. H. Parry; Hadi Parisian; Shanti Patel; Sanghamitra Pati; Snehal T. Patil; Ajay Patle; George C. Patton; Deepak Paudel; Katherine R. Paulson; Wayra Citlali Paz Ballesteros; Neil Pearce; Alexandre Pereira; David M. Pereira; Norberto Perico; Konrad Pesudovs; Max Petzold; Hai Quang Pham; Michael R. Phillips; Julian David Pillay; Michael A. Piradov; Meghdad Pirsaheb; Tobias Pischon; Farhad Pishgar; Oleguer Plana-Ripoll; Dietrich Plass; Suzanne Polinder; Kevan R. Polkinghorne; Maarten J. Postma; Richie Poulton; Akram Pourshams; Hossein Poustchi; Dorairal Prabhakaran; Swayam Prakash; Narayan Prasad; Caroline A. Purcell; Manorama B. Purwar; Mostafa Qorbani; Amir Radfar; Anwar Rafay; Alireza Rafiei; Fakher Rahim; Zohreh Rahimi; Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar; Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar; Mahfuzar Rahman; Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman; Muhammad Aziz Rahman; Rajesh Kumar Rai; Fatemeh Rajati; Sasa Rajsic; Sree Bhushan Raju; Usha Ram; Chhabi Lal Ranabhat; Prabhat Ranjan; Goura Kishor Rath; David Laith Rawaf; Salman Rawaf; K. Srinath Reddy; Colin D. Rehm; Jurgen Rehm; Robert C. Reiner; Marissa B. Reitsma; Giuseppe Remuzzi; Andre M. N. Renzaho; Serge Resnikoff; Luz Myriam Reynales-Shigematsu; Satar Rezaei; Antonio Luiz P. Ribeiro; Juan A. Rivera; Kedir Teji Roba; Sonia Rodrigues-Ramirez; Leonardo Roever; Yesenia Roman; Luca Ronfani; Gholamreza Roshandel; Ali Rostami; Gregory A. Roth; Dietrich Rothenbacher; Ambuj Roy; Enrico Rubagotti; Lesley Rushton; Charumathi Sabanayagam; Perminder S. Sachdev; Basema Saddik; Ehsan Sadeghi; Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam; Hosein Safari; Yahya Safari; Roya Safari-Faramani; Mandi Safdarian; Sare Safi; Saeid Safiri; Rajesh Sagar; Amirhossein Sahebkar; Mohammad Ali Sahraian; Haniye Sadat Sajadi; Nasir Salam; Payman Salamati; Zikria Saleem; Yahya Salimi; Hamideh Salimeadeh; Joshua A. Salomon; Devashri Digvijay Salvi; Inbal Satz; Abdullah M. Samy; Juan Sanabria; Maria Dolores Sanchez-Nino; Tania G. Sanchez-Pimienta; Taren Sanders; Yingying Sang; Damian Francesco Santomauro; Itamar S. Santos; Joao Vasco Santos; Milena M. Santric Milicevic; Bruno Piassi Sao Jose; Mayank Sardana; Abdur Razzaque Sacker; Rodrigo Sarmiento-Suarez; Nizal Sarrafzadegan; Benn Sartorius; Shahabeddin Sarvi; Brifesh Sathian; Maheswar Satpathy; Arundhati R. Sawant; Monika Sawhney; Mete Saylan; Mehdi Sayyah; Elke Schaeffner; Maria Ines Schmidt; Ione J. C. Schneider; Ben Schottker; Aletta Elisabeth Schutte; David C. Schwehel; Falk Schwendicke; James G. Scott; Soraya Seedat; Mario Sekerija; Sadaf G. Sepanlou; Marc L. Serre; Edson Servan-Mori; Seyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi; Hosein Shabaninejad; Gavin Shaddick; Azadeh Shafieesabet; Mehdi Shahbazi; Amira A. Shaheen; Masood Ali Shaikh; Teresa Slaamah Levy; Mehran Shams-Beyranvand; Mohammadbagher Shamsi; Heidar Sharafi; Kiomairs Sharafi; Mehdi Sharif; Matadi Sharif-Alhoseini; Hamid Sharifi; Jayendra Sharma; Meenakshi Sharma; Rajesh Sharma; Jun She; Aziz Sheikh; Peilin Shi; Kenji Shibuya; Mekonnen Sisay Shiferaw; Mika Shigematsu; Min-Jeong Shin; Rahman Shirt; Reza Shirkoohi; Ivy Shiue; Farhad Shokraneh; Haitham Shoman; Mark G. Shrime; Matthew S. Shupler; Si Si; Soraya Siabani; Abla Mehio Sibai; Tariq J. Siddiqi; Inga Dora Sigfusdottir; Rannveig Sigurvinsdottir; Diego Augusto Santos Silva; Joao Pedro Silva; Dayane Gabriele Alves Silveira; Jasvinder A. Singh; Narinder Pal Singh; Virendra Singh; Dhirendra Narain Sinha; Eirini Skiadaresi; Vegard Skirbekk; David L. Smith; Mari Smith; Badr Hasan Sobaih; Soheila Sobhani; Ranjani Somayaji; Moslem Soofi; Reed J. D. Sorensen; Joan B. Soriano; Ireneous N. Soyiri; Angela Spinelli; Luciano A. Sposato; Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy; Vinay Srinivasan; Vladimir I. Starodubow; Nadine Steckling; Dan J. Stein; Murray B. Stein; Goran Stevanovic; Leo Stockfelt; Mark A. Stokes; Lela Sturua; Michelle L. Subart; Agus Sudaryanto; Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan; Gerhard Sulo; Bruno F. Sunguya; Patrick John Sur; Bryan I. Sykes; Cassandra E. I. Szoeke; Rafael Tabares-Seisdedos; Takahiro Tabuchi; Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla; Ken Takahashi; Nikhil Tandon; Segen Gebremeskel Tassew; Mohammad Tavakkoli; Nuno Taveira; Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi; Tigist Gashaw Tekalign; Shishay Wandey Tekelemedhin; Merhawi Gebremedhin Tekle; Habtamu Temesgen; Mohamad-Rani Temsah; Omar Temsah; Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi; Belay Tessema; Mebrahtu Teweldemedhin; Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan; Andrew Theis; Sathish Thirunavukkarasu; Hannah J. Thomas; Matthew Lloyd Thomas; Nihal Thomas; George D. Thurston; Binyam Tilahun; Taavi Tillmana; Quyen G. To; Myriarn Tobollik; Marcello Tonelli; Roman Topor-Madry; Anna E. Torre; Miguel Tortajada-Girbes; Mathilde Touvier; Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone; Jeffrey A. Towbin; Bach Xuan Tran; Khanh Baca Tran; Thomas Clement Truelsen; Nu Thi Truong; Afewerki Gebremeskel Tsadik; Lorainne Tudor Car; E. Murat Tuzcu; Hayley D. Tymeson; Stefanos Tyrovolas; Kingsley N. Ukwaja; Irfan Ullah; Rachel L. Updike; Muhammad Shariq Usman; Olalekan A. Uthman; Mutblab Vaduganathan; Afsane Vaezi; Pascual R. Valdez; Aaron Van Donkelaar; Elena Varavikova; Santosh Varughese; Tommi Juhani Vasankari; Vidhya Venkateswaran; Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian; Santos Villafaina; Francesco S. Violante; Sergey Konstantinovitch Vladimirov; Vasily Vlassov; Stein Emil Vollset; Theo Vos; Kia Vbsoughi; Giang Thu Vu; Isidora S. Vujcic; Fasil Shiferaw Wagnew; Yasir Waheed; Stephen G. Waller; Judd L. Walson; Yafeng Wang; Yanping Wang; Yuan-Pang Wang; Elisabete Weiderpass; Robert G. Weintraub; Fitsum Weldegebreal; Andrea Werdecker; Adhena Ayaliew Weiknah; J. Jason West; Ronny Westerman; Harvey A. Whiteford; Justyna Widecka; Tissa Wijeratne; Andrea Sylvia Winkler; Alison B. Wiyeh; Charles Shey Wiysonge; Charles D. A. Wolfe; Tien Yin Wong; Shoaling Wu; Denis Xavier; Gelin Xu; Simon Yadgir; Ali Yadollahpour; Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari; Tomohide Yamada; Lijing L. Yan; Yuichiro Yano; Mehdi Yaseri; Jemal Yasin Yasin; Alex Yeshanely; Ebrahim M. Yimer; Paul Yip; Engida Yisma; Naohiro Yonemoto; Seok-Jun Yoon; Marcel Yotebieng; Mustafa Z. Younis; Mahmoud Yousefifard; Chuanhua Yu; Zoubida Zaidi; Sojib Bin Zaman; Mohammad Zamani; Luis Zavala-Arciniega; Anthony Lin Zhang; Hao Zhang; Kai Zhang; Maigeng Thou; Stephanie M. Zimsen; Sanjay Zodpey; Christopher J. L. Murray; GBD 2017 Risk Factor Collaborators

doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32225-6

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Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Jeffrey D. Stanaway, Ashkan Afshin, Emmanuela Gakidou, Stephen S. Lim, Degu Abate, Kalkidan Hassell Abate, Cristiana Abbafati, Nooshin Abbasi, Hedayat Abbastabar, Foad Abd-Allah, …

The Lancet (British edition), Vol.392(10159), pp.1923-1994

2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32225-6

PMCID: PMC6227755

PMID: 30496105

Abstract

General & Internal Medicine

Life Sciences & Biomedicine

Medicine, General & Internal

Science & Technology

Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk outcome associations. Methods We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017. This study included 476 risk outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from 46 749 randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We explored the relationship between development and risk exposure by modelling the relationship between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and risk-weighted exposure prevalence and estimated expected levels of exposure and risk-attributable burden by SDI. Finally, we explored temporal changes in risk-attributable DALYs by decomposing those changes into six main component drivers of change as follows: (1) population growth; (2) changes in population age structures; (3) changes in exposure to environmental and occupational risks; (4) changes in exposure to behavioural risks; (5) changes in exposure to metabolic risks; and (6) changes due to all other factors, approximated as the risk-deleted death and DALY rates, where the risk-deleted rate is the rate that would be observed had we reduced the exposure levels to the TMREL for all risk factors included in GBD 2017. Findings In 2017,34.1 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 33.3-35.0) deaths and 121 billion (144-1.28) DALYs were attributable to GBD risk factors. Globally, 61.0% (59.6-62.4) of deaths and 48.3% (46.3-50.2) of DALYs were attributed to the GBD 2017 risk factors. When ranked by risk-attributable DALYs, high systolic blood pressure (SBP) was the leading risk factor, accounting for 10.4 million (9.39-11.5) deaths and 218 million (198-237) DALYs, followed by smoking (7.10 million [6.83-7.37] deaths and 182 million [173-193] DALYs), high fasting plasma glucose (6.53 million [5.23-8.23] deaths and 171 million [144-201] DALYs), high body-mass index (BMI; 4.72 million [2.99-6.70] deaths and 148 million [98.6-202] DALYs), and short gestation for birthweight (1.43 million [1.36-1.51] deaths and 139 million [131-147] DALYs). In total, risk-attributable DALYs declined by 4.9% (3.3-6.5) between 2007 and 2017. In the absence of demographic changes (ie, population growth and ageing), changes in risk exposure and risk-deleted DALYs would have led to a 23.5% decline in DALYs during that period. Conversely, in the absence of changes in risk exposure and risk-deleted DALYs, demographic changes would have led to an 18.6% increase in DALYs during that period. The ratios of observed risk exposure levels to exposure levels expected based on SDI (O/E ratios) increased globally for unsafe drinking water and household air pollution between 1990 and 2017. This result suggests that development is occurring more rapidly than are changes in the underlying risk structure in a population. Conversely, nearly universal declines in O/E ratios for smoking and alcohol use indicate that, for a given SDI, exposure to these risks is declining. In 2017, the leading Level 4 risk factor for age-standardised DALY rates was high SBP in four super-regions: central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia; north Africa and Middle East; south Asia; and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania. The leading risk factor in the high-income super-region was smoking, in Latin America and Caribbean was high BMI, and in sub-Saharan Africa was unsafe sex. O/E ratios for unsafe sex in sub-Saharan Africa were notably high, and those for alcohol use in north Africa and the Middle East were notably low. Interpretation By quantifying levels and trends in exposures to risk factors and the resulting disease burden, this assessment offers insight into where past policy and programme efforts might have been successful and highlights current priorities for public health action. Decreases in behavioural, environmental, and occupational risks have largely offset the effects of population growth and ageing, in relation to trends in absolute burden. Conversely, the combination of increasing metabolic risks and population ageing will probably continue to drive the increasing trends in non-communicable diseases at the global level, which presents both a public health challenge and opportunity. We see considerable spatiotemporal heterogeneity in levels of risk exposure and risk-attributable burden. Although levels of development underlie some of this heterogeneity, O/E ratios show risks for which countries are overperforming or underperforming relative to their level of development. As such, these ratios provide a benchmarking tool to help to focus local decision making. Our findings reinforce the importance of both risk exposure monitoring and epidemiological research to assess causal connections between risks and health outcomes, and they highlight the usefulness of the GBD study in synthesising data to draw comprehensive and robust conclusions that help to inform good policy and strategic health planning. Copyright (C) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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Title: Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Creators: Jeffrey D. Stanaway - University of Washington
Ashkan Afshin - University of Washington
Emmanuela Gakidou - University of Washington
Stephen S. Lim - University of Washington
Degu Abate - Haramaya University
Kalkidan Hassell Abate
Cristiana Abbafati - Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Law Philosophy & Econ Studies, Rome, Italy
Nooshin Abbasi - University of Tehran
Hedayat Abbastabar - University of Tehran
Foad Abd-Allah - Cairo University
Jemal Abdela - Haramaya University
Ahmed Abdelalim - Cairo University
Ibrahim Abdollahpour - Arak University
Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader - Manonmaniam Sundarartar Univ, Dept Stat, Tirunelveli, India
Molla Abebe - University of Gondar
Zegeye Abebe - University of Gondar
Semaw F. Abera - Mekelle University
Olifan Zewdie Abil - Wollega University
Haftom Niguse Abraha - Mekelle University
Aklilu Roba Abrham - Haramaya University
Laith Jamal Abu-Raddad - College Station Medical Center
Niveen M. E. Abu-Rmeileh - Birzeit University
Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi - Benin Clin Res Inst IRCB, Dept Epidemiol, Cotonou, Benin
Dilaram Acharya - Dongguk University
Pawan Acharya - Nepal Dev Soc, Pokhara, Nepal
Abdu A. Adamu - Stellenbosch University
Akikw Awoke Adane - University of Gondar
Oladimeji M. Adebayo - Univ Coll Hosp, Ibadan, Nigeria
Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin - Obafemi Awolowo Univ, Dept Rehabil Med, Ife, Nigeria
Victor Adekanmbi - Cardiff University
Zanfina Ademi - Monash University
Olatunji Adetokunboh - Stellenbosch University
Mina G. Adib - St Mark Hosp, Emergency Dept, Alexandria, Egypt
Amha Admasie - Wolaita Sodo University
Jose C. Adsuar - Universidad de Extremadura
Kossivi Agbelenko Afanvi - University of Lomé
Mohsen Afarideh
Gina Agarwal - McMaster University
Anju Aggarwal - University of Washington
Sargis Aghast Aghayan - Yerevan State University
Anurag Agrawal - CSIR, Inst Genom & Integrat Biol, Res Area Informat & Big Data, Delhi, India
Sutapa Agrawal - Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India
Alireza Ahmadi - College Station Medical Center
Mehdi Ahmadi
Hamid Ahmadieh - College Station Medical Center
Muktar Beshir Ahmed - Jimma University
Amani Nidhal Aichour - University Ferhat Abbas of Setif
Ibtihel Aichour - University Ferhat Abbas of Setif
Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour - Supreme Council Of Health
Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari - College Station Medical Center
Tomi Akinyemiju - University of Kentucky
Nadia Akseer - University of Toronto
Ziyad Al-Aly - College Station Medical Center
Ayman Al-Eyadhy - King Saud University
Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi - Jazan University
Fares Alandab
Khurshid Alam - University of Western Australia
Samiah Alam - Dalhousie University
Tahiya Alam - University of Washington
Alaa Alashi - College Station Medical Center
Seyed Moayed Alavian - College Station Medical Center
Kefyalew Addis Alene - University of Gondar
Komal Ali - University of Washington
Syed Mustafa Ali - Mercy Corps
Mehran Alijanzadeh - College Station Medical Center
Reza Alizadeh-Navaei - College Station Medical Center
Syed Mohamed Aljunid - Kuwait University
Ala'a Alkerwi - Luxembourg Inst Hlth, Dept Populat Hlth, Strassen, Luxembourg
Francois Alla - University of Bordeaux
Ubai Alsharif
Khalid Altirkawi - King Saud University
Nelson Alvis-Guzman - University of Cartagena
Azmeraw T. Amare - College Station Medical Center
Walid Ammar - Fed Minist Hlth, Beirut, Lebanon
Nahla Hamed Anber - Mansoura University
Jason A. Anderson - University of Washington
Catalina Liliana Andrei - College Station Medical Center
Sofia Androudi - University of Thessaly
Megbaru Debalkie Animut
Mina Anjomshoa - University of Tehran
Mustafa Geleto Ansha - Debre Berhan University
Josep M. Anto - Barcelona Inst Global Hlth, Barcelona, Spain
Carl Abelardo T. Antonio - University of the Philippines Manila
Palwasha Anwari
Lambert Tetteh Appiah - College Station Medical Center
Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah - Kwame Nkrumah University
Jalal Arabloo - College Station Medical Center
Olatunde Aremu - Birmingham City University
Johan Amlov
Al Artaman - Dalarna University
Krishna K. Aryal - Abt Associates Nepal, Monitoring Evaluat & Operat Res Project, Lalitpur, Nepal
Hamid Asayesh - College Station Medical Center
Zerihun Ataro - Haramaya University
Marcel Ausloos - University of Leicester
Euripide F. G. A. Avokpaho - Dongguk University
Ashish Awasthi - Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India
Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla - La Trobe University
Rakesh Ayer - The University of Tokyo
Tanabe B. Ayuk - College Station Medical Center
Peter S. Azzopardi - College Station Medical Center
Arefeh Babazadeff - Ctr Infect Dis Res, Babol Sar, Iran
Hamid Badali
Alaa Badawi - University of Toronto
Kalpana Balakrishnan - College Station Medical Center
Ayele Geleto Bali - Haramaya University
Kylie Ball - Deakin University
Shoshana H. Bellew
Maciej Banach - College Station Medical Center
Joseph Adel Mattar Banoub - College Station Medical Center
Aleksandra Barac - Clin Ctr Serbia, Infect & Trop Dis, Belgrade, Serbia
Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo - University of Auckland
Till Winfried Bamighausen - Heidelberg Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Heidelberg, Germany
Lope H. Barrero - Pontifical Javeriana Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Bogota, Colombia
Sanjay Basu - Stanford University
Bernhard T. Baune - Supreme Council Of Health
Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi - Drew University
Neeraj Bedi - Jazan University
Ettore Beghi - Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Dept Neurosci, Milan, Italy
Masoud Behzadifar - College Station Medical Center
Meysam Behzadifar
Yannick Bejoy - Univ Hosp Dijon, Dept Neurol, Dijon, France
Bayu Begashaw Bekele - University of Gondar
Fyasu Tamru Bekru - Wolaita Sodo University
Ezra Belay - Mekelle University
Yilhalem Abebe Belay - Debre Markos University
Michelle L. Bell - Yale University
Aminu K. Bello - University of Alberta
Derrick A. Bennett - University of Oxford
Isabela M. Bensenor - University of Sao Paulo
Gilles Bergeron - New York Acad Sci, Sackler Inst Nutr Sci, New York, NY USA
Adugnaw Berhane - Supreme Council Of Health
Eduardo Bemabe
Robert S. Bemstein - Emory University
Mircea Beuran - College Station Medical Center
Tina Beyranvand - College Station Medical Center
Neeraj Bhala - College Station Medical Center
Ashish Bhalla - College Station Medical Center
Suraj Bhattarai - Supreme Council Of Health
Zulfiqar A. Bhutta - University of Toronto
Belete Biadgo - University of Gondar
Ali Bijani - College Station Medical Center
Boris Bikbov - Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Dept Renal Med, Milan, Italy
Ver Bilano - Biostat
Nigus Bililign - Woldia University
Muhamad Shandaat Bin Sayeed - ACT
Donal Bisanzio - RTI International
Tuhin Biswas - AT Still Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Tone Bjorge - University of Bergen
Brigette F. Blacker - University of Washington
Archie Bleyer - College Station Medical Center
Rohan Borschmann - Murdoch Childress Res Inst, Ctr Adolescent Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Ibrahim R. Bou-Orm - Minist Publ Hlth, Beirut, Lebanon
Soufiane Boufous - UNSW Sydney
Rupert Bourne - Anglia Ruskin University
Oliver J. Brady - Supreme Council Of Health
Michael Brauer - University of Washington
Alexandra Brazinova - Comenius University Bratislava
Nicholas J. K. Breitborde - The Ohio State University
Hermann Brenner - Heidelberg
Andrey Nikolaevich Briko - College Station Medical Center
Gabrielle Britton - City of Knowledge
Traolach Brugha - University of Leicester
Rachelle Buchbindet - Monash University
Richard T. Burnett - University of Washington
Reinhard Busse - Charite, Inst Publ Hlth, Berlin, Germany
Zahid A. Butt - University of British Columbia
Leah E. Cahill - Dalhousie University
Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Syst Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Ismael R. Campos-Nonato - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Rosario Cardenas - Metropolitan Autonomous Univ, Dept Populat & Hlth, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Giulia Carreras - Florence
Juan J. Carrero - Karolinska Institutet
Felix Carvalho - Universidade do Porto
Carlos A. Castaneda-Orjuela - Natl Inst Hlth, Colombian Natl Hlth Observ, Bogota, Colombia
Jacqueline Castillo Rivas - Costa Rican Dept Social Secur, Area Estadist, Direct Actuarial, San Jose, Costa Rica
Franz Castro - Mécanique et Engrenage Moderne
Ferran Catala-Lopez - Inst Hlth Carlos Ill, Dept Hlth Planning & Econ, Madrid, Spain
Kate Causey - University of Washington
Kelly M. Cercy - University of Washington
Ester Cerin - Australian Catholic University
Yazan Chaiah - Alfaisal University
Hying-Ti Chang - Inst Populat Hlth Sci, Natl Hlth Res Inst, Zhunan Township, Taiwan
Jung-Chen Chang - College Station Medical Center
Kai-Lan Chang - Nova Southeastern University
Fiona J. Charlson - University of Washington
Aparajita Chattopadhyay - Int Inst Populat Sci, Dept Dev Studies, Bombay, Maharashtra, India
Vijay Kumar Chattu - Univ West Indies, Fac Med Sci, St Augustine, Trinidad Tobago
Miao Li Chee - Singapore Eye Research Institute
Ching-Yu Cheng - Singapore Eye Research Institute
Adrienne Chew
Peggy Pei-Chia Chiang - Gold Coast Hlth, Clin Governance, Gold Cost, Qld, Australia
Odgerel Chimed-Ochir - Univ Occupat & Environm Hlth, Inst Ind Ecol Sci, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
Ken Lee Chin - Monash University
Abdulaal Chitheer - Minist Hlth, Baghdad, Iraq
Jee-Young J. Choi - Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Biochem, Biomed Sci, Seoul, South Korea
Rajiv Chowdhury - University of Cambridge
Hanne Christensen - University of Copenhagen
Devasahayam J. Christopher - College Station Medical Center
Sheng-Chia Chung - UCL, Dept Hlth Informat, London, England
Flavia M. Cicuttini - Monash University
Massimo Grillo - University of Salerno
Aaron J. Cohen - University of Washington
Daniel Collado-Mateo - Universidad de Extremadura
Cyrus Cooper - University of Southampton
Owen R. Cooper - Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
Josef Coresh - Johns Hopkins University
Leslie Cornaby - University of Washington
Paolo Angelo Cortesi - University of Milano-Bicocca
Monica Cortinovis - Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Dept Oncol, Milan, Italy
Megan Costa - Supreme Council Of Health
Ewerton Cousin - Fed Univ Rio Grande, Postgrad Program Epidemiol, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Michael H. Criqui - College Station Medical Center
Elizabeth A. Cromwell - University of Washington
David K. Cundiff - College Station Medical Center
Alenmeh Kabeta Daba - Hawassa University
Berihun Assefa Dachew - University of Washington
Abel Fekadu Dadi - University of Gondar
Alberti Antonio Moura Damasceno - Eduardo Mondlane University
Lalit Dandona - University of Washington
Rakhi Dandona - University of Washington
Sarah C. Darby - University of Oxford
Paul I. Dargan - College Station Medical Center
Ahmed Daryani - College Station Medical Center
Rajat Das Gupta - Supreme Council Of Health
Jose Das Neves - Universidade do Porto
Tamirat Tesfaye Dasa - Haramaya University
Aditya Prasad Dash - Cent Univ Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
Dragos Virgil Davitoiu - College Station Medical Center
Kairat Davletov - Alma
Vanessa De la Cruz-Gongora - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Evaluat & Surveys Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Fernando Pio De la Hoz
Diego De Leo - Griffith University
Jan-Walter De Neve - Heidelberg University
Louisa Degenhardt - University of Washington
Selina Deiparine - University of Washington
Robert P. Dellavalle - Supreme Council Of Health
Gebre Teklemariam Demoz - Aksum University
Edgar Denova-Gutierrez - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Nutr & Hlth Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Kebede Deribe - Supreme Council Of Health
Nikolaos Dervenis - Natl Hlth Serv Scotland, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland
Aniruddha Deshpande - University of Washington
Don C. Des Jarlais - Supreme Council Of Health
Getenet Ayalew Dessie - Debre Markos University
Gabrielle Aline Deveber - University of Toronto
Subhojit Dey - Disha Fdn, Gurgaon, India
Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne - University of Washington
Meghnath Dhimal - Nepal Hlth Res Council, Hlth Res Sect, Kathmandu, Nepal
Mesfin Tadese Dinberu - Debre Berhan University
Eric L. Ding - Harvard University
Helen Derara Diro - Haramaya University
Shirin Djalalinia - College Station Medical Center
Huyen Phoc Do - Duy Tan University
Klara Dokova - College Station Medical Center
David Teye Doku - University of Cape Coast
Kerrie La Doyle - RMIT University
Tim R. Driscoll - University of Sydney
Manisha Dubey - World Food Programme
Eleonora Dubljanin - University of Belgrade
Eyasu Ejeta Duken - Jimma University
Bruce B. Duncan - Fed Univ Rio Grande, Postgrad Program Epidemiol, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Andre R. Duraes - Supreme Council Of Health
Natalie Ebert - Charite, Inst Publ Hlth, Berlin, Germany
Hedyeh Ebrahimi - University of Tehran
Soheil Ebrahimpour - Ctr Infect Dis Res, Babol Sar, Iran
David Edvardsson - La Trobe University
Andem Elfiong - Biostat
Anne Elise Eggen - College Station Medical Center
Charbel El Bcheraoui - University of Washington
Iad El-Khatib - Karolinska Institutet
Iqbal Rf Elyazar - Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology
Ahmadali Enayati - Supreme Council Of Health
Aman Yesuf Endries - Millennium Engineering and Integration
Benjamin Er - Minist Hlth, Baghdad, Iraq
Holly E. Erskine - University of Queensland
Sharareh Eskandarieh - University of Tehran
Alireza Esteghamati - University of Tehran
Kara Estep - University of Washington
Hamed Fakhim - Urmia University
Mahbobeh Faramarzi - College Station Medical Center
Mohammad Fareed - Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University
Talha A. Farid - University of Louisville
Carla Sofia E. Sa Farinha - Natl Stat Off, Lisbon, Portugal
Andrea Farioli - University of Bologna
Andre Faro - Univ Fed Sergipe, Dept Psychol, Sao Cristovao, Brazil
Maryam S. Farvid - Harvard University
Mohammad Hosein Farzaei - College Station Medical Center
Batool Fatima - Aga Khan Univ, Human Dev Programme, Karachi, Pakistan
Kairsten A. Fay - University of Washington
Ali Akbar Fazaeli - College Station Medical Center
Valery L. Feigin - University of Washington
Andrea B. Feigl - Harvard University
Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad - McGill University
Eduarda Fernandes - Universidade do Porto
Joao C. Fernandes - Universidade Católica Portuguesa
Giannina Ferrara - University of Washington
Alize J. Ferrari - University of Queensland
Manuela L. Ferreira - University of Sydney
Irina Filip - Kaiser Permanente
Jonas David Finger - Robert Koch Institute
Florian Fischer - College Station Medical Center
Nataliya A. Foigt - College Station Medical Center
Kyle J. Foreman - University of Washington
Takeshi Fukumoto - Gene
Nancy Fullman - University of Washington
Thomas Furst - Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Basel, Switzerland
Joao M. Furtado - University of Sao Paulo
Neal D. Futran - University of Washington
Seana Gall - Monash University
Silvan Gallus - Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Milan, Italy
Amiran Gamkrelidze - NCDC, Tbilisi, Georgia
Morsaleh Ganji - University of Tehran
Alberto L. Garcia-Basteiro - Barcelona Inst Global Hlth, TB Dept, Barcelona, Spain
William Ni Gardner - University of Washington
Abadi Kahsu Gebre - Mekelle University
Amanuel Tesfay Gebremedhin - Jimma University
Teklu Gebrehiwo Gebremichael - Mekelle University
Tilayie Feto Gelano - Haramaya University
Johanna M. Geleijnse - Wageningen University & Research
Yilma Chisha Dea Geramo - Arba Minch University
Peter W. Gething - University of Oxford
Kebede Embaye Geese
Reza Ghadimi - College Station Medical Center
Keyghobad Ghadiri - College Station Medical Center
Khalil Ghasemi Falavarjani - College Station Medical Center
Maryam Ghasemi-Kasman - College Station Medical Center
Mamata Ghimire - University of Tsukuba
Rakesh Ghosh - Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Global Hlth Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
Aloke Gopal Ghoshal - Natl Allergy Asthma & Bronchitis Inst, Kolkota, India
Simona Giampaoli - Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Cardiovasc Dysmetabol & Ageing Associated Di, Rome, Italy
Paramjit Singh Gill - University of Warwick
Tiffany K. Gill - University of Adelaide
Richard F. Gillum - Howard University
Ibrahim Abdelmageed Ginawi - University of Ha'il
Giorgia Giussani - Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Dept Neurosci, Milan, Italy
Elena V. Gnedovskaya - Res Ctr Neurol, Moscow, Russia
William W. Godwin - University of Washington
Srinivas Goli - Int Inst Populat Sci, Bombay, Maharashtra, India
Hector Gomez-Dantes - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Syst Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Philimon N. Gona - Univ Massachusetts, Nursing & Hlth Sci Dept, Boston, MA 02125 USA
Sameer Vali Gopalani - Govt Federated States Micronesia, Dept Hlth & Social Affairs, Palikir, Micronesia
Alessandra C. Goulart - University of Sao Paulo
Ayman Grada - Boston University
Morgan E. Grams - Johns Hopkins University
Giuseppe Grosso - Vittorio Emanuele Univ Hosp Polyclin, Registro Tumor Integrato, Catania, Italy
Hanish Chander Gugnani - Supreme Council Of Health
Yuming Guo - Monash University
Rahul Gupta - West Virginia Bur Publ Hlth, Commissioner Publ Hlth, Charleston, WV USA
Rajeev Gupta - Rajasthan Univ Hlth Sci, Acad & Res, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Tanush Gupta - The Bronx Defenders
Reyna Alma Gutierrez - Ramon Fuente Muniz Natl Inst Psychiat, Dept Epidemiol & Psychosocial Res, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Daniela S. Gutierrez-Torres - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Tobacco Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Juanita A. Haagsma - College Station Medical Center
Tesfa Dejenie Habtewold - College Station Medical Center
Vladimir Hachinski - Western University
Nima Hafezi-Nejad - University of Tehran
Tekleberhan B. Hagos - Mekelle University
Tewodros Tesfa Hailegiyorgis - Haramaya University
Gessessew Bugssa Hailu - Mekelle University
Arvin Haj-Mirzaian - University of Tehran
Arya Haj-Mirzaian - Johns Hopkins University
Randah R. Hamadeh - Arabian Gulf University
Samer Hamidi - Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University
Alexis J. Handal - University of New Mexico
Graeme J. Hankey - University of Western Australia
Yuantao Liao - Sun Yat-sen University
Hilda L. Harb - Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Vital & Hlth Stat, Beirut, Lebanon
Sivadasanpillai Harikrishnan - College Station Medical Center
Josep Maria Haro - Res & Dev Unit, San Juan Dios Sanitary Pk, Sant Boi De Llobregat, Spain
Hadi Hassankhani - College Station Medical Center
Hamid Yimam Hassen - Mizan Tepi University
Rasmus Havmoeller - Karolinska Univ Hosp, Clin Sci Dept, Stockholm, Sweden
Caitlin N. Hawley - University of Washington
Simon I. Hay - University of Washington
Akbar Hedayatizadeh-Omran - College Station Medical Center
Behzad Heibati - College Station Medical Center
Behnam Heidari - Teikyo University
Mohsen Heidari - Hormozgan University
Delia Hendrie - Curtin University
Andualem Henok
Ileana Heredia-Pi - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Syst Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Claudiu Herteliu - Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania
Fatemeh Heydarpour - College Station Medical Center
Sousan Heydarpour - College Station Medical Center
Desalegn T. Hibstu - Hawassa University
Tarig B. Higazi - Ohio University
Esayas Haregot Hilawe - Tigray Hlth Res Inst, Mekelle, Ethiopia
Hans W. Hoek - College Station Medical Center
Howard J. Hoffiman - Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Inst Deafness & Other Commun Disorders, Bogota, Colombia
Michael K. Hole - Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
Enayatollah Homaie Rad - Supreme Council Of Health
Praveen Hoogar - Manipal Univ, Transdisciplinary Ctr Qualitat Methods, Manipal, India
H. Dean Hosgood - Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Bronx, NY 10467 USA
Seyed Mostafa Hosseini - University of Tehran
Mehdi Hosseinzadeh - Univ Human Dev, Univ Human Dev, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
Mihaela Hostiuc - College Station Medical Center
Sorin Hostiuc - College Station Medical Center
Damian G. Hoy - University of Sydney
Mohamed Hsairi - Supreme Council Of Health
Thomas Hsiao - University of Washington
Guoqing Hu - University of Washington
Howard Ha
John J. Huang - Yale University
Mamusha Aman Hussen - Jimma University
Chantal K. Huynh - University of Washington
Kim Moesgaard Iburg - Aarhus University
Nayu Ikeda - Natl Inst Biomed lunovat Hlth & Nutr, Sect Populat Hlth Metr, Shinjuku Ku, Ibaraki, Japan
Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi - Univ Lib, Monrovia, Liberia
Usman Iqbal - College Station Medical Center
Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani - University of Tehran
Caleb Mackay Salpeter Irvine - University of Washington
Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam - University of Sydney
Farhad Islami - Deakin University
Maria D. Jackson - Univ West Indies, Dept Community Hlth & Psychiat, St Augustine, Trinidad Tobago
Kathryn H. Jacobsen - George Mason University
Leila Jahangiry - Supreme Council Of Health
Nader Jahanmehr - Shahid Beheshti University
Sudhir Kumar Jain - Natl Ctr Dis Control Delhi, Dept Parasit Dis, Delhi, India
Mihajlo Jakovljevic - University of Kragujevac
Spencer L. James - University of Washington
Simerjot K. Jassal - College Station Medical Center
Achala Upendra Jayatilleke - University of Colombo
Panniyammakal Jeemon - College Station Medical Center
Ravi Prakash Jha - College Station Medical Center
Vivekanand Jha - University of Oxford
John S. Ji - Duke Kunshan University
Jost B. Jonas - Beijing Tongren Hosp, Beijing Inst Ophthalmol, Beijing, Peoples R China
Jitendra Jonnagaddala - UNSW Sydney
Zahra Jorjoran Shushtari - Univ Social Welf & Rehabil Sci, Tehran, Iran
Ankur Joshi - College Station Medical Center
Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak - Czestochowa Tech Univ, Inst Hlth & Nutr Sci, Czestochowa, Poland
Mikk Jurisson - University of Tartu
Zubair Kabir - Supreme Council Of Health
Amaha Kahsay - Mekelle University
Rizwan Kalani - University of Washington
Tanuj Kanchan - College Station Medical Center
Surya Kant - College Station Medical Center
Chittaranjan Kar - College Station Medical Center
Manoochehr Karami - College Station Medical Center
Behzad Karami Matin - College Station Medical Center
Andre Karch - Dept Epidemiol, Helmholtz Ctr Infect Res, Braunschweig, Germany
Corine Karema - Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, Malaria Vaccines, Basel, Switzerland
Narges Karimi - College Station Medical Center
Seyed M. Karimi - University of Washington
Amir Kasaeian - University of Tehran
Dessalegn H. Kassa - Debre Markos University
Getachew Mullu Kassa - Debre Markos University
Tesfaye Dessale Kassa - Mekelle University
Nicholas J. Kassebaum - University of Washington
Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi - University of Glasgow
Anil Kaul - Oklahoma State University
Norito Kawakami - The University of Tokyo
Zhila Kazemi - College Station Medical Center
Ali Kazemi Karyani - College Station Medical Center
Adane Teshome Kefale - Mizan Tepi University
Peter Njenga Keiyoro - University of Nairobi
Grant Rodgers Kemp - University of Washington
Andre Pascal Kengne - College Station Medical Center
Andre Keren - Inst Cardiol, Assuta Hosp, Tel Aviv, Israel
Chandrasekharan Nair Kesavachandran - CSIR, Indian Inst Toxicol Res Council Sci & Ind Res, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Yousef Saleh Khader - College Station Medical Center
Behzad Khafaei - Islamic Azad University, Tehran
Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie - College Station Medical Center
Alireza Khajavi - College Station Medical Center
Nauman Khalid - Supreme Council Of Health
Ibrahim A. Khalil - University of Washington
Gulfaraz Khan - United Arab Emirates University
Muhammad Shahzeb Khan - College Station Medical Center
Muhammad Ali Khan - University of Alabama
Young-Ho Khang - Seoul Natl Univ, Inst Hlth Policy & Management, Seoul, South Korea
Mona M. Khater - Cairo University
Mohammad Khazaei - College Station Medical Center
Habibolah Khazaie - College Station Medical Center
Abdullah T. Khoja - Johns Hopkins University
Ardeshir Khosravi - College Station Medical Center
Mohammad Hossein Khosravi - College Station Medical Center
Aliasghar A. Kiadaliri - Lund University
Daniel N. Kiirithio - Kenya Revenue Author, Nairobi, Kenya
Cho-Il Kim - Korea Hlth Ind Dev Inst, Cheongju, South Korea
Daniel Kim - Northeastern Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Young-Eun Kim - Korea Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Seoul, South Korea
Yun Jin Kim
Ruth W. Kimokoti - Simmons Coll, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Yohannes Kinfh - Murdoch Childress Res Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Adnan Kisa - University of Oslo
Katarzyna Kissimova-Skarbek - Jagiellonian University
Mika Kivimaki - UCL, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, London, England
Luke D. Knibbs - University of Queensland
Ann Kristin Skrindo Knudsen - University of Bergen
Sonali Kochhar - University of Washington
Yoshihiro Kokubo - Natl Cerebral & Cardiovasc Ctr, Dept Prevent Cardiol, Suita, Osaka, Japan
Tufa Kolola - Debre Berhan University
Jacek A. Kopec - University of British Columbia
Soewarta Kosen
Parvaiz A. Koul - College Station Medical Center
Ai Koyanagi - Res & Dev Unit, San Juan Dios Sanitary Pk, Sant Boi De Llobregat, Spain
Michael A. Kravchenko - Res Ctr Neurol, Moscow, Russia
Kewal Krishan
Kristopher J. Krohn - University of Washington
Hans Kromhout - Univ Utrecht, Inst Risk Assessment Sci, Utrecht, Netherlands
Barthelemy Kuate Defo - Université de Montréal
Burcu Kucuk Bicer - Ankara
G. Anil Kumar - Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India
Manasi Kumar - UCL, Dept Psychol, London, England
Igor Kuzin
Hmwe Hmwe Kyu - University of Washington
Carl Lachat - Univ Ghent, Dept Food Technol Safety & Hlth, Ghent, Belgium
Deepesh P. Lad - College Station Medical Center
Sheetal D. Lad - College Station Medical Center
Alessandra Lafranconi - University of Milano-Bicocca
Ratilal Lalloo - University of Queensland
Tea Lallukka - University of Helsinki
Faris Hasan Lami - College Station Medical Center
Justin J. Lang - Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Hlth Promot & Chron Dis Prevent Branch, Toronto, ON, Canada
Van C. Lansingh - HelpMeSee, New York, NY USA
Samantha Leigh Larson - University of Washington
Arman Latifi - College Station Medical Center
Jeffrey V. Lazarus - Barcelona Inst Global Hlth, Barcelona, Spain
Paul H. Lee - Supreme Council Of Health
James Leigh - University of Sydney
Mostafa Leili - College Station Medical Center
Chem Tesema Leshargie - Debre Markos University
Janni Leung - University of Washington
Miriam Levi - Florence
Sonia Lewycka - University of Oxford
Shanshan Li - Monash University
Yichong Li - Shenzhen Sun Yat Sen Cardiovasc Hosp, Dept Clin Res & Epidemiol, Shenzhen, Peoples R China
Juan Liang - Natl Off Maternal & Child Hlth Surveillance, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China
Xiaofeng Liang - Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China
Yu Lian
Misgan Legesse Liben - Samara Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Samara, Ethiopia
Lee-Ling Lim - Univ Malaya, Dept Med, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Shai Linn - University of Haifa
Shiwei Liu - Ctr Chron Dis Control, Beijing, Peoples R China
Rakesh Lodha - College Station Medical Center
Giancarlo Logroscino - University of Bari Aldo Moro
Alan D. Lopez - University of Washington
Stefan Lorkowski - Friedrich Schiller University Jena
Paulo A. Lotufo - University of Sao Paulo
Rafael Lozano - University of Washington
Tim C. D. Lucas - University of Oxford
Raimundas Lunevicius - Aintree Univ Hosp Natl Hlth Serv Fdn Trust NHS, Gen Surg Dept, Liverpool, Merseyside, England
Stefan Ma - Minist Hlth, Epidemiol & Dis Control, Baghdad, Iraq
Erlyn Rachele King Macarayan - University of the Philippines Manila
Isis Eloah Machado - Supreme Council Of Health
Fabiana Madotto - University of Milano-Bicocca
Hue Thi Mai - Duy Tan University
Marek Majdan - Trnava Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Trnava, Slovakia
Reza Majdzadeh - University of Tehran
Azeem Majeed - Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England
Reza Malekzadeh - University of Tehran
Deborah Carvalho Malta - Federal Reserve
Abdullah A. Mamum - University of Queensland
Ana-Laura Manda - Emergency University
Helena Manguerra - University of Washington
Mohammad Ali Mansournia - University of Tehran
Lorenzo Giovanni Mantovani - University of Milano-Bicocca
Joemer C. Maravilla - University of Queensland
Wagner Marcenes - Kings Coll London, Div Patient & Populat, London, England
Ashley Marks - University of Washington
Randall V. Martin - Dalhousie University
Sheila C. Martins - Fed Univ Rio Grande, Dept Internal Med Neurol, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Francisco Rogerlandio Martins-Melo - Fed Inst Educ Sci & Technol Ceara, Campus Caucaia, Caucaia, Brazil
Winfried Marz - Heidelberg Univ, Med Clin 5, Heidelberg, Germany
Melvin B. Marzan - Univ East Ramon, Magsaysay Mem Med Ctr, Grad Sch, Quezon City, Philippines
Benjamin Ballard Massenburg - University of Washington
Manu Rai Mathur - Publ Hlth Fdn India, Non Communicable Dis, Gurugram, India
Prashant Mathur - College Station Medical Center
Kunihiro Matsushita - Johns Hopkins University
Pallab K. Maulik - UNSW Sydney
Mohsen Mazidi - Chalmers University of Technology
Cohn McAlinden - Hywel Dda Univ Hlth Board, Dept Ophthalmol, Carmarthen, Dyfed, Wales
John J. McGrath - University of Queensland
Martin McKee - Supreme Council Of Health
Ravi Mehrotra - Natl Inst Canc Prevent & Res, Prevent Oncol, Noida, India
Kala M. Mehta - Biostat
Varshil Mehta - College Station Medical Center
Toni Meier - Competence Cluster Nutr & Cardiovasc Hlth NUTRICA, Innovat Off, Jena, Germany
Fantahun Ayenew Mekonnen - University of Gondar
Yohannes A. Melaku - University of Gondar
Addisu Melese - Debre Tabor University
Mulugeta Melku - University of Gondar
Peter T. N. Memiah - Univ West Florida, Dept Publ Hlth, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA
Ziad A. Memish - Alfaisal University
Walter Mendoza - United Nations
Desalegn Tadese Mengistu - Mekelle University
George A. Mensah - NIH, Ctr Translat Res & Implementat Sci, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
Gert B. M. Mensink - Robert Koch Institute
Seid Tiku Mereta - Jimma University
Atte Meretola - Helsinki Univ Hosp, Neuroctr, Helsinki, Finland
Tuomo J. Meretoja - University of Melbourne
Tomislav Mestrovic - College Station Medical Center
Haftay Berhane Mezgebe - College Station Medical Center
Bartosz Miazgowski - College Station Medical Center
Tomasz Miazgowski - College Station Medical Center
Anoushka I. Millear - University of Washington
Ted R. Miller - Pacific Inst Res & Evaluat, Calverton, MD USA
Molly Katherine Miller-Petrie - University of Washington
G. K. Mini - College Station Medical Center
Mojde Mirarefin - Nevada Div Publ & Behav Hlth, Carson, CA USA
Andreea Mirica - Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania
Erkin M. Mirrakhimov - College Station Medical Center
Awoke Temesgen Misganaw - University of Washington
Habtamu Mitiku - Haramaya University
Babak Moazen - Heidelberg Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Heidelberg, Germany
Bahram Mohajer - University of Tehran
Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad - Salahaddin Univ, Dept Biol, Erbil, Iraq
Moslem Mohammadi - College Station Medical Center
Noushin Mohammadifard - College Station Medical Center
Mousa Mohammadnia-Afrouzi - College Station Medical Center
Shafiu Mohammed
Farnam Mohebi - University of Tehran
Ali H. Mokdad - University of Washington
Mariam Molokhia - College Station Medical Center
Fatemeh Momeniha - College Station Medical Center
Lorenzo Monasta - Burka Garofolo Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Clin Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Res Unit, Trieste, Italy
Yoshan Moodley - University of KwaZulu-Natal
Ghobad Moradi - Biostat
Maziar Moradi-Lakeh - College Station Medical Center
Mehdi Moradinazar - College Station Medical Center
Paula Moraga - Lancaster University Ghana
Lidia Morawska - Queensland University of Technology
Joana Morgado-Da-Costa - Hosp Ctr Porto, Santo Antonio Hosp, Porto, Portugal
Shane Douglas Morrison - University of Washington
Marilita M. Moschos - National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
Simin Mouodi - College Station Medical Center
Seyyed Meysam Mousavi - University of Tehran
Dariush Mozaffarian - Tufts University
Kalayu Brhane Mruts - Debre Berhan University
Achenef Asmamaw Muche - University of Gondar
Kindle Fentahun Muchie - University of Gondar
Ulrich Otto Mueller - Fed Inst Populat Res, Wiesbaden, Germany
Oumer Sada Muhammed - Univ Addis Ababa, Dept Pharm, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Satinath Mukhopadhyay - College Station Medical Center
Kate Muller - University of Washington
Kamarul Imran Musa - Supreme Council Of Health
Ghulam Mustafa - College Station Medical Center
Ashraf F. Nabhan - Ain Shams University
Mohsen Naghavi - University of Washington
Aliya Naheed - Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Initiat Non Communicable Dis, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Azin Nahvijou - University of Tehran
Gurudatta Naik - University of Alabama
Nitish Naik - College Station Medical Center
Farid Najafi - Biostat
Vinay Nangia - Suraj Eye Institute
Jobert Richie Nansseu - Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Dis Epidem & Pandem Control, Beirut, Lebanon
Bruno Ramos Nascimento - Fed Univ Iviinas Gerais, Hosp Fed Univ Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Bruce Neal - UNSW Sydney
Nahid Neamati - College Station Medical Center
Iona T. Negoi
Ruxandra Irina Negoi - College Station Medical Center
Subas Neupane - Univ Tampere, Fac Hlth Sci, Tampere, Finland
Charles Richard James Newton - University of Oxford
Josephine V. Ngunjiri - University of Embu
Anh Quynh Nguyen - Supreme Council Of Health
Grant Nguyen
Ha Thu Nguyen - Supreme Council Of Health
Huong Lan Thi Nguyen - Duy Tan University
Huong Thanh Nguyen
Minh Nguyen
Nam Ba Nguyen
Emma Nichols - University of Washington
Jing Nie - Xi'an Jiaotong University
Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum - College Station Medical Center
Yirga Legesse Nirayo - Mekelle University
Nobuo Nishi - Natl Inst Biomed lunovat Hlth & Nutr, Int Ctr Nutr & Informat, Shinjuku Ku, Ibaraki, Japan
Molly R. Nixon - University of Washington
Marzieh Nojomi - College Station Medical Center
Shuhei Nomura - The University of Tokyo
Ole F. Norheim - Harvard University
Mehdi Noroozi - Univ Social Welf & Rehabil Sci, Tehran, Iran
Bo Norrving - Lund University
Jean Jacques Noubiap - University of Cape Town
Hamid Reza Nouri - College Station Medical Center
Malihe Nourollahpour Shiadeh - College Station Medical Center
Mohammad Reza Nowroozi - University of Tehran
Elaine O. Nsoesie - University of Washington
Peter S. Nyasulu - Stellenbosch University
Carla M. Obermeyer - Amer Univ Beirut, Ctr Res Populat & Hlth, Beirut, Lebanon
Christopher M. Odell - University of Washington
Richard Ofori-Asenso - Monash University
Felix Akpojene Ogbo - Western Sydney University
In-Hwan Oh - Kyung Hee University
Olanrewaju Oladimeji - Human Sci Res Council, Dept HIV, AIDS STIs & TB, Durban, South Africa
Andrew T. Olagunju - University of Adelaide
Tinuke O. Olagunju - McMaster University
Pedro R. Olivares - Autonomous Univ Cltile, Inst Phys Activ & Hlth, Talca, Chile
Helen Elizabeth Olsen - University of Washington
Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya - Start
Jacob Olusegun Olusanya - Start
Kanyin L. Ong - University of Washington
Sok King Ong - Minist Hlth, NCD Prevent & Control Unit, Baghdad, Iraq
Eyal Oren - San Diego State University
Heather M. Orpana - Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Appl Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada
Alberto Ortiz - Autonomous University of Madrid
Erika Ota - St Lukes Int Univ, Dept Global Hlth Nursing, Chuo Ku, Tokyo, Japan
Stanislav S. Otstavnov - Minist Hlth Russian Federat, Ctr Healthcare Qual Assessment & Control, Moscow, Russia
Simon Overland - University of Bergen
Mayowa Ojo Owolabi - University of Ibadan
Mahesh P. A. Rosana Pacella - Queensland University of Technology
Abhijit P. Pakhare - College Station Medical Center
Amir H. Pakpour - College Station Medical Center
Adrian Pana - Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania
Songhomitra Panda-Jonas - Heidelberg Univ, Augenpraxis Jonas, Heidelberg, Germany
Eun-Kee Park - Kosin University
Charles D. H. Parry - Stellenbosch University
Hadi Parisian - College Station Medical Center
Shanti Patel - College Station Medical Center
Sanghamitra Pati
Snehal T. Patil - College Station Medical Center
Ajay Patle - Int Inst Populat Sci, Dept Populat Studies, Bombay, Maharashtra, India
George C. Patton - Murdoch Childress Res Inst, Populai Hlth Grp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Deepak Paudel - Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Ctr Int Hlth, Munich, Germany
Katherine R. Paulson - University of Washington
Wayra Citlali Paz Ballesteros - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Tobacco Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Neil Pearce - Supreme Council Of Health
Alexandre Pereira - Harvard University
David M. Pereira - Universidade do Porto
Norberto Perico - Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Dept Renal Med, Milan, Italy
Konrad Pesudovs
Max Petzold - University of Gothenburg
Hai Quang Pham - Duy Tan University
Michael R. Phillips - Shanghai Tiao Tong Univ, Shanghai Mental Hlth Ctr, Shanghai, Peoples R China
Julian David Pillay - Durban University of Technology
Michael A. Piradov - Res Ctr Neurol, Moscow, Russia
Meghdad Pirsaheb - College Station Medical Center
Tobias Pischon - College Station Medical Center
Farhad Pishgar - University of Tehran
Oleguer Plana-Ripoll - Aarhus University
Dietrich Plass - German Fed Environm Agcy, Dept Environm Hyg, Dessau Rosslau, Germany
Suzanne Polinder - College Station Medical Center
Kevan R. Polkinghorne - Monash University
Maarten J. Postma - University of Groningen
Richie Poulton - University of Otago
Akram Pourshams - University of Tehran
Hossein Poustchi - University of Tehran
Dorairal Prabhakaran - Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India
Swayam Prakash - College Station Medical Center
Narayan Prasad - College Station Medical Center
Caroline A. Purcell - University of Washington
Manorama B. Purwar - College Station Medical Center
Mostafa Qorbani - College Station Medical Center
Amir Radfar - AT Still Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Anwar Rafay - Contech
Alireza Rafiei - College Station Medical Center
Fakher Rahim
Zohreh Rahimi - College Station Medical Center
Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar - University of Tehran
Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar - University of Tehran
Mahfuzar Rahman - La Trobe University
Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman - Int Inst Populat Sci, Dept Publ Hlth & Mortal Studies, Bombay, Maharashtra, India
Muhammad Aziz Rahman
Rajesh Kumar Rai - Soc Hlth & Demog Surveillance, Suri, India
Fatemeh Rajati - College Station Medical Center
Sasa Rajsic - University of Innsbruck
Sree Bhushan Raju - College Station Medical Center
Usha Ram - Int Inst Populat Sci, Dept Publ Hlth & Mortal Studies, Bombay, Maharashtra, India
Chhabi Lal Ranabhat - Yonsei University
Prabhat Ranjan - University of Alabama
Goura Kishor Rath - College Station Medical Center
David Laith Rawaf - Imperial Coll London, WHO Collaborating Ctr Publ Hlth Educ & Training, London, England
Salman Rawaf - Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England
K. Srinath Reddy - Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India
Colin D. Rehm - The Bronx Defenders
Jurgen Rehm - Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Inst Mental Hlth Policy Res, Toronto, ON, Canada
Robert C. Reiner - University of Washington
Marissa B. Reitsma - University of Washington
Giuseppe Remuzzi
Andre M. N. Renzaho - Western Sydney University
Serge Resnikoff - Sydney NSW, Brien Holden Vis Inst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Luz Myriam Reynales-Shigematsu - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Tobacco Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Satar Rezaei - College Station Medical Center
Antonio Luiz P. Ribeiro - Fed Univ Iviinas Gerais, Hosp Fed Univ Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Juan A. Rivera - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Director Gen, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Kedir Teji Roba - Haramaya University
Sonia Rodrigues-Ramirez
Leonardo Roever - Federal Reserve
Yesenia Roman - University of Washington
Luca Ronfani - Burka Garofolo Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Clin Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Res Unit, Trieste, Italy
Gholamreza Roshandel - University of Tehran
Ali Rostami - College Station Medical Center
Gregory A. Roth - University of Washington
Dietrich Rothenbacher - University of Ulm
Ambuj Roy - College Station Medical Center
Enrico Rubagotti - Ikiarn Amazon Reg Univ, Biotechnol, Ciudad De Tena, Ecuador
Lesley Rushton - Biostat
Charumathi Sabanayagam - Singapore Eye Research Institute
Perminder S. Sachdev - UNSW Sydney
Basema Saddik - Univ Sharjah, Med Dept, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates
Ehsan Sadeghi - College Station Medical Center
Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam - University of Tehran
Hosein Safari - College Station Medical Center
Yahya Safari - College Station Medical Center
Roya Safari-Faramani - College Station Medical Center
Mandi Safdarian - University of Tehran
Sare Safi - College Station Medical Center
Saeid Safiri - College Station Medical Center
Rajesh Sagar - College Station Medical Center
Amirhossein Sahebkar - College Station Medical Center
Mohammad Ali Sahraian - University of Tehran
Haniye Sadat Sajadi - University of Tehran
Nasir Salam - Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Payman Salamati - University of Tehran
Zikria Saleem - University of the Punjab
Yahya Salimi - Biostat
Hamideh Salimeadeh - University of Tehran
Joshua A. Salomon - Stanford University
Devashri Digvijay Salvi - Boston University
Inbal Satz - Minist Hlth, Hlth & Disabil Intelligence Grp, Baghdad, Iraq
Abdullah M. Samy - Ain Shams University
Juan Sanabria - Marshall University
Maria Dolores Sanchez-Nino - Jimenez Diaz Fdn Univ, Hosp Inst Hlth Res, Nephrol Grp, Madrid, Spain
Tania G. Sanchez-Pimienta - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Taren Sanders - Australian Catholic University
Yingying Sang
Damian Francesco Santomauro - University of Queensland
Itamar S. Santos - University of Sao Paulo
Joao Vasco Santos - Universidade do Porto
Milena M. Santric Milicevic - University of Belgrade
Bruno Piassi Sao Jose - Fed Univ Iviinas Gerais, Postgrad Program Infect Dis & Trop Med, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Mayank Sardana - Supreme Council Of Health
Abdur Razzaque Sacker
Rodrigo Sarmiento-Suarez - College Station Medical Center
Nizal Sarrafzadegan - University of British Columbia
Benn Sartorius - University of KwaZulu-Natal
Shahabeddin Sarvi - College Station Medical Center
Brifesh Sathian - College Station Medical Center
Maheswar Satpathy - Utkal University
Arundhati R. Sawant - University of Alabama
Monika Sawhney - Univ N Carolina, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Charlotte, NC USA
Mete Saylan - Bayer, Istanbul, Turkey
Mehdi Sayyah - College Station Medical Center
Elke Schaeffner - Charite, Inst Publ Hlth, Berlin, Germany
Maria Ines Schmidt - Fed Univ Rio Grande, Postgrad Program Epidemiol, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Ione J. C. Schneider - Supreme Council Of Health
Ben Schottker - Heidelberg
Aletta Elisabeth Schutte - College Station Medical Center
David C. Schwehel - University of Alabama
Falk Schwendicke - Charite, Dept Operat & Prevent Dent, Berlin, Germany
James G. Scott - University of Queensland
Soraya Seedat
Mario Sekerija - University of Zagreb
Sadaf G. Sepanlou - University of Tehran
Marc L. Serre - Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA
Edson Servan-Mori - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Syst Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Seyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi - University of Tehran
Hosein Shabaninejad - College Station Medical Center
Gavin Shaddick - University of Exeter
Azadeh Shafieesabet - College Station Medical Center
Mehdi Shahbazi - College Station Medical Center
Amira A. Shaheen - An Najah Natl Univ, Publ Hlth Div, Nablus, Palestine
Masood Ali Shaikh
Teresa Slaamah Levy - Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Ctr Res Evaluat & Surveys, Rome, Italy
Mehran Shams-Beyranvand
Mohammadbagher Shamsi - University of Tehran
Heidar Sharafi
Kiomairs Sharafi - College Station Medical Center
Mehdi Sharif - Islamic Azad University
Matadi Sharif-Alhoseini - University of Tehran
Hamid Sharifi
Jayendra Sharma - Minist Hlth, Policy & Planning Div, Baghdad, Iraq
Meenakshi Sharma - College Station Medical Center
Rajesh Sharma - Supreme Council Of Health
Jun She - Fudan University
Aziz Sheikh - Harvard University
Peilin Shi - Tufts University
Kenji Shibuya - The University of Tokyo
Mekonnen Sisay Shiferaw - Haramaya University
Mika Shigematsu - Natl Inst Infect Dis, Tokyo, Japan
Min-Jeong Shin - University of Seoul
Rahman Shirt
Reza Shirkoohi - University of Tehran
Ivy Shiue - Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
Farhad Shokraneh - University of Nottingham
Haitham Shoman - Imperial Coll London, WHO Collaborating Ctr Publ Hlth Educ & Training, London, England
Mark G. Shrime - Harvard University
Matthew S. Shupler - University of British Columbia
Si Si - Monash University
Soraya Siabani - College Station Medical Center
Abla Mehio Sibai - Amer Univ Beirut, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Beirut, Lebanon
Tariq J. Siddiqi - College Station Medical Center
Inga Dora Sigfusdottir - Columbia University
Rannveig Sigurvinsdottir - Reykjavík University
Diego Augusto Santos Silva - Supreme Council Of Health
Joao Pedro Silva
Dayane Gabriele Alves Silveira - Federal Reserve
Jasvinder A. Singh - University of Alabama
Narinder Pal Singh - Max
Virendra Singh
Dhirendra Narain Sinha - Supreme Council Of Health
Eirini Skiadaresi - Hywel Dda Univ Hlth Board, Dept Ophthalmol, Carmarthen, Dyfed, Wales
Vegard Skirbekk - Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Bergen, Norway
David L. Smith - University of Washington
Mari Smith - University of Washington
Badr Hasan Sobaih - King Saud University
Soheila Sobhani - University of Tehran
Ranjani Somayaji - University of Washington
Moslem Soofi - College Station Medical Center
Reed J. D. Sorensen - University of Washington
Joan B. Soriano - Autonomous University of Madrid
Ireneous N. Soyiri - University of Edinburgh
Angela Spinelli - Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Ctr Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Bogota, Colombia
Luciano A. Sposato - Western University
Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy - College Station Medical Center
Vinay Srinivasan - University of Washington
Vladimir I. Starodubow
Nadine Steckling - Univ Hosp Munich, Inst & Outpatient Clin Occupat Social & Environm, Munich, Germany
Dan J. Stein - College Station Medical Center
Murray B. Stein - Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
Goran Stevanovic - Clin Ctr Serbia, Infect & Trop Dis, Belgrade, Serbia
Leo Stockfelt - University of Gothenburg
Mark A. Stokes - Deakin University
Lela Sturua - Natl Ctr Dis Control & Publ Hlth, Noncommunicable Dis Dept, Tbilisi, Georgia
Michelle L. Subart - University of Washington
Agus Sudaryanto - Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan - Ahmadu Bello University
Gerhard Sulo - Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Bergen, Norway
Bruno F. Sunguya - Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dept Community Hlth, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
Patrick John Sur - University of Washington
Bryan I. Sykes - Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Criminol Law & Soc, Irvine, CA USA
Cassandra E. I. Szoeke - University of Melbourne
Rafael Tabares-Seisdedos - Universitat de València
Takahiro Tabuchi - Osaka Int Canc Inst, Canc Control Ctr, Osaka, Japan
Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla - Griffith University
Ken Takahashi - University of Sydney
Nikhil Tandon - College Station Medical Center
Segen Gebremeskel Tassew - Mekelle University
Mohammad Tavakkoli - New York Medical College
Nuno Taveira - Univ Inst Egas Moniz, Monte Da Capanica, Portugal
Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi - College Station Medical Center
Tigist Gashaw Tekalign - Haramaya University
Shishay Wandey Tekelemedhin - Mekelle University
Merhawi Gebremedhin Tekle - Haramaya University
Habtamu Temesgen
Mohamad-Rani Temsah - King Saud University
Omar Temsah - Alfaisal University
Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi - University of Virginia
Belay Tessema - University of Gondar
Mebrahtu Teweldemedhin - Aksum University
Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan - College Station Medical Center
Andrew Theis
Sathish Thirunavukkarasu - Supreme Council Of Health
Hannah J. Thomas - University of Queensland
Matthew Lloyd Thomas - University of Bath
Nihal Thomas - College Station Medical Center
George D. Thurston - College Station Medical Center
Binyam Tilahun - University of Gondar
Taavi Tillmana - UCL, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, London, England
Quyen G. To - Queensland University of Technology
Myriarn Tobollik - German Fed Environm Agcy, Dessau Rosslau, Germany
Marcello Tonelli - University of Calgary
Roman Topor-Madry - UCL, Agcy Hlth Technol Assessment & Tariff Syst, London, England
Anna E. Torre - University of Washington
Miguel Tortajada-Girbes - Universitat de València
Mathilde Touvier - College Station Medical Center
Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone - University of Sao Paulo
Jeffrey A. Towbin - University of Tennessee at Knoxville
Bach Xuan Tran - College Station Medical Center
Khanh Baca Tran - University of Auckland
Thomas Clement Truelsen - University of Copenhagen
Nu Thi Truong - Duy Tan University
Afewerki Gebremeskel Tsadik - Mekelle University
Lorainne Tudor Car
E. Murat Tuzcu - College Station Medical Center
Hayley D. Tymeson - University of Washington
Stefanos Tyrovolas - Res & Dev Unit, San Juan Dios Sanitary Pk, Sant Boi De Llobregat, Spain
Kingsley N. Ukwaja - Fed Teaching Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Abakaliki, Nigeria
Irfan Ullah - Cornal Univ, Gomal Ctr Biochem & Biotechnol, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
Rachel L. Updike - University of Washington
Muhammad Shariq Usman - College Station Medical Center
Olalekan A. Uthman - University of Warwick
Mutblab Vaduganathan - Harvard University
Afsane Vaezi - College Station Medical Center
Pascual R. Valdez - College Station Medical Center
Aaron Van Donkelaar - Dalhousie University
Elena Varavikova - Federal Reserve
Santosh Varughese
Tommi Juhani Vasankari - UKK Inst, Tampere, Finland
Vidhya Venkateswaran - Harvard University
Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian - Supreme Council Of Health
Santos Villafaina - Universidad de Extremadura
Francesco S. Violante - University of Bologna
Sergey Konstantinovitch Vladimirov - College Station Medical Center
Vasily Vlassov - Supreme Council Of Health
Stein Emil Vollset - University of Washington
Theo Vos - University of Washington
Kia Vbsoughi - Johns Hopkins University
Giang Thu Vu
Isidora S. Vujcic - University of Belgrade
Fasil Shiferaw Wagnew - Debre Markos University
Yasir Waheed - College Station Medical Center
Stephen G. Waller - Biostat
Judd L. Walson - University of Washington
Yafeng Wang - University of Sao Paulo
Yanping Wang - Natl Off Maternal & Child Hlth Surveillance, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China
Yuan-Pang Wang
Elisabete Weiderpass - Karolinska Institutet
Robert G. Weintraub - Murdoch Childress Res Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Fitsum Weldegebreal - Haramaya University
Andrea Werdecker - Fed Inst Populat Res, Demog Change & Ageing Res Area, Wiesbaden, Germany
Adhena Ayaliew Weiknah
J. Jason West - Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA
Ronny Westerman - Fed Inst Populat Res, Competence Ctr Mortal Follow Up, Wiesbaden, Germany
Harvey A. Whiteford - University of Washington
Justyna Widecka - College Station Medical Center
Tissa Wijeratne - La Trobe University
Andrea Sylvia Winkler - University of Oslo
Alison B. Wiyeh - Med Res Council South Africa, Cochrane South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
Charles Shey Wiysonge - Stellenbosch University
Charles D. A. Wolfe - Supreme Council Of Health
Tien Yin Wong - College Station Medical Center
Shoaling Wu - Kailuan Gen Hosp, Tangshan, Peoples R China
Denis Xavier - St Johns Natl Acad Hlth Sci, Dept Pharmacol, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
Gelin Xu - Nanjing University
Simon Yadgir - University of Washington
Ali Yadollahpour - College Station Medical Center
Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari - Milad Gen Hosp, Clin Canc Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Tomohide Yamada - The University of Tokyo
Lijing L. Yan - Duke Kunshan University
Yuichiro Yano - Northwestern Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
Mehdi Yaseri - University of Tehran
Jemal Yasin Yasin - Supreme Council Of Health
Alex Yeshanely - Wolkite University
Ebrahim M. Yimer - Mekelle University
Paul Yip - University of Hong Kong
Engida Yisma - Supreme Council Of Health
Naohiro Yonemoto - Kyoto University
Seok-Jun Yoon - Korea Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Seoul, South Korea
Marcel Yotebieng - The Ohio State University
Mustafa Z. Younis - Jackson State University
Mahmoud Yousefifard - College Station Medical Center
Chuanhua Yu - Wuhan University
Zoubida Zaidi - Univ Hosp Setif, Epidemiol, Setif, Algeria
Sojib Bin Zaman - Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Maternal & Child Hlth Div, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Mohammad Zamani - College Station Medical Center
Luis Zavala-Arciniega - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Tobacco Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Anthony Lin Zhang - RMIT University
Hao Zhang - Fudan University
Kai Zhang - Univ Texas Houston, Dept Epidemiol Human Genet & Environm Sci, Houston, TX USA
Maigeng Thou
Stephanie M. Zimsen - University of Washington
Sanjay Zodpey - Publ Hlth Fdn India, Indian Inst Publ Hlth, Gurugram, India
Christopher J. L. Murray - University of Washington
GBD 2017 Risk Factor Collaborators
Publication Details: The Lancet (British edition), Vol.392(10159), pp.1923-1994
Publisher: Elsevier
Number of pages: 72
Date published: 2018
Grant note: Bill AMP; Melinda Gates Foundation; CGIAR 160100; 180129 / Cancer Foundation Finland sr MR/M015084/1; G0400491; MC_UP_A620_1015; MR/L003120/1; MC_UU_12011/2; MC_U147585827; MC_U137686858; MC_U147585819 / MRC; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Medical Research Council UK (MRC)
Identifiers: 99777920002346
Academic Unit: School of Sustainability, Civil and Environmental Engineering
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article

Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

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