Business model frameworks provide a useful lens through which to examine how organisations can create social and economic value.

 Work is based on an original request from practitioners to provide insight that will help in the creation of a business that supports ex-offenders through employment and training

 The social challenge of reforming prisoners for society, and economic challenge of finding skilled committed employees is addressed simultaneously by social enterprises (SE)

 Using a business model framework this paper gives insight into how organisations undertake SE work to deliver social and economic value.

 Five diverse case examples are provided, giving insight into different Social Enterprise organisational forms: charities, not-for profit, government owned, private and limited companies.

 Business Model based analysis shows how an SEs hybrid structure has dual value propositions, creating both social and economic value using under-valued human resource