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Evaluating the technical feasibility, usability, and acceptability of a three-dimensional reproductive anatomy mobile application for midwifery and medical student learning: A descriptive, cross-sectional study
Journal article   Peer reviewed

Evaluating the technical feasibility, usability, and acceptability of a three-dimensional reproductive anatomy mobile application for midwifery and medical student learning: A descriptive, cross-sectional study

Yvonne B Smyth, Donovan Jones, Alison Callwood and Shanna Fealy
Midwifery, Vol.157, p.104749
21/02/2026
PMID: 41793998

Abstract

3D educational technology medical education midwifery education Mobile learning obstetric propaedeutics pregnancy reproductive anatomy and physiology
Understanding the dynamic concepts of pregnancy anatomy and fetal development can be difficult and spatially challenging. There is a lack of digital learning technologies to aid visualisation and comprehension of reproductive anatomy. Thorough knowledge of anatomy and physiology is essential for healthcare students. Interaction with three-dimensional (3D) digital technology can provide accessible, intuitive anatomical learning. To support reproductive anatomy learning, a 3D multimodal interactive software program named the Road to Birth was developed at one Australian university. Evaluate the technical feasibility, usability and acceptability of the Road to Birth as a 3D mobile application amongst undergraduate midwifery and medical students at one Australian university and one United Kingdom university. A cross-sectional design. Consenting participants completed a technology usage survey and installed the application on smartphones or tablets. Following twelve-weeks self-study use, participants completed System Usability Scale (SUS) and acceptability surveys. Descriptive statistics are presented for technology usage, SUS and acceptability data. 178 students (n=129 midwifery, n=49 medical) participated. SUS scores indicated application usability was good (median=80.0). Five-point Likert scale data showed the application was an acceptable learning resource (median=4.58). Participants agreed the application improved reproductive anatomy understanding (87%), was more engaging than lecture materials (90%) and should be used within their courses (94%). This study demonstrates the Road to Birth 3D mobile application is a feasible, usable and acceptable reproductive anatomy educational tool for midwifery and medical students. Findings indicate the technology meets students’ needs as a self-learning method, whilst complementing curriculum subject materials.

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