Abstract
How do human beings tell the difference between truths and lies, and avoid being deceived? And is it possible for a machine to determine the veracity of any given statement or set of statements prior to incorporating such statements in a knowledge base, or to determine whether the deception even exists at the statement level? This paper reviews past research in deception and its detection to explore such questions. We focus in on various inconsistencies, contradictions, and other difficulties in recent deception research, and show how the nature of the deception largely dictates the methods that can be deployed effectively in detection by reference to several experiments on materials which can have a strongly deceptive framing.