Compound-Nucleus and Doorway-State Decays of β-Delayed Neutron Emitters ⁵¹,⁵²,⁵³K

Z.Y Xu; Zsolt Podolyak; R Grzywacz; A Gottardo; M Madurga; I.M Alonso; A.N Andreyev; G Benzoni; M.J.G Borge; T Cap; C Costache; H de Witte; B.I Dimitrov; J.E Escher; A Fijalkowska; L.M Fraile; S Franchoo; H.O.U Fynbo; B.C Gonsalves; L.J Harkness-Brennan; J Heideman; C.J Gross; M Huyse; D.S Judson; T Kawano; T.T King; S Kisyov; K Kolos; A Korgul; I Lazarus; R Lică; M.L Liu; L Lynch; N Marginean; R Marginean; C Mazzocchi; D Mengoni; C Mihai; A.I Morales; R.D Page; J Pakarinen; S.V Paulauskas; A Perea; M Piersa-Siłkowska; Zs Podolyák; Ch Sotty; S Taylor; O Tengblad; P van Duppen; V Vedia; D Verney; N Warr; C.X Yuan

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.042501

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Compound-Nucleus and Doorway-State Decays of β-Delayed Neutron Emitters ⁵¹,⁵²,⁵³K

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Compound-Nucleus and Doorway-State Decays of β-Delayed Neutron Emitters ⁵¹,⁵²,⁵³K

Z.Y Xu, Zsolt Podolyak, R Grzywacz, A Gottardo, M Madurga, I.M Alonso, A.N Andreyev, G Benzoni, M.J.G Borge, T Cap, …

Physical Review Letters, Vol.133(4), pp.042501-1-042501-7

26/07/2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.042501

Abstract

Beta decay

Level densities

Neutron physics

Nuclear decay

Thermal & statistical models

Neutron techniques

Time-of-flight neutron spectroscopy

Nuclear Physics

We investigated decays of ^51,52,53K at the ISOLDE Decay Station at CERN in order to understand the mechanism of the β -delayed neutron-emission ( βn ) process. The experiment quantified neutron and γ -ray emission paths for each precursor. We used this information to test the hypothesis, first formulated by Bohr in 1939, that neutrons in the βn process originate from the structureless “compound nucleus.” The data are consistent with this postulate for most of the observed decay paths. The agreement, however, is surprising because the compound-nucleus stage should not be achieved in the studied β decay due to insufficient excitation energy and level densities in the neutron emitter. In the ⁵³K βn decay, we found a preferential population of the first excited state in ⁵²Ca that contradicted Bohr’s hypothesis. The latter was interpreted as evidence for direct neutron emission sensitive to the structure of the neutron-unbound state. We propose that the observed nonstatistical neutron emission proceeds through the coupling with nearby doorway states that have large neutron-emission probabilities. The appearance of “compound-nucleus” decay is caused by the aggregated small contributions of multiple doorway states at higher excitation energy.

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Title: Compound-Nucleus and Doorway-State Decays of β-Delayed Neutron Emitters ⁵¹,⁵²,⁵³K
Creators: Z.Y Xu - SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
Zsolt Podolyak - University of Surrey, School of Maths and Physics
R Grzywacz - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro
A Gottardo - Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie
M Madurga - European Organization for Nuclear Research
I.M Alonso
A.N Andreyev - Japan Atomic Energy Agency
G Benzoni - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano
M.J.G Borge - Instituto de Estructura de la Materia
T Cap
C Costache - Horia Hulubei National Institute for R and D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering
H de Witte - KU Leuven
B.I Dimitrov
J.E Escher
A Fijalkowska - University of Warsaw
L.M Fraile - Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas
S Franchoo - Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie
H.O.U Fynbo - Aarhus University
B.C Gonsalves
L.J Harkness-Brennan - University of Liverpool
J Heideman - University of Tennessee at Knoxville
C.J Gross
M Huyse - KU Leuven
D.S Judson - University of Liverpool
T Kawano - Los Alamos National Laboratory
T.T King
S Kisyov - Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
K Kolos
A Korgul - University of Warsaw
I Lazarus - Daresbury Laboratory
R Lică - Horia Hulubei National Institute for R and D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering
M.L Liu
L Lynch
N Marginean - Aarhus University
R Marginean - Horia Hulubei National Institute for R and D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering
C Mazzocchi - University of Warsaw
D Mengoni
C Mihai - Horia Hulubei National Institute for R and D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering
A.I Morales - Universitat de València
R.D Page - University of Liverpool
J Pakarinen - Instituto de Estructura de la Materia
S.V Paulauskas
A Perea - Instituto de Estructura de la Materia
M Piersa-Siłkowska
Zs Podolyák - University of Surrey
Ch Sotty - Horia Hulubei National Institute for R and D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering
S Taylor
O Tengblad - Instituto de Estructura de la Materia
P van Duppen - KU Leuven
V Vedia - Universitat de València
D Verney - Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie
N Warr - Australian National University
C.X Yuan
Publication Details: Physical Review Letters, Vol.133(4), pp.042501-1-042501-7
Publisher: American Physical Society
Date published: 26/07/2024
Date accepted: 20/05/2024
Grants: ST/P003885/1, Science and Technology Facilities Council (United Kingdom, Swindon) - STFC
RTI2018-098868-B-I00, Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (Spain, Madrid) - MINECO
European Nuclear Science and Application Research 2, 654002, European Union (Belgium, Brussels) - EU
Research Foundation - Flanders (Belgium, Brussels) - FWO
ST/R004056/1, Science and Technology Facilities Council (United Kingdom, Swindon) - STFC
05P18PKCIA, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany, Bonn) - BMBF
BeLaPEx, 101032999, European Union (Belgium, Brussels) - EU
ST/P004598/1, Science and Technology Facilities Council (United Kingdom, Swindon) - STFC
ST/V001027/1, Science and Technology Facilities Council (United Kingdom, Swindon) - STFC
ST/V001035/1, Science and Technology Facilities Council (United Kingdom, Swindon) - STFC
2020/39/B/ST2/02346, National Science Center (Poland, Krakow) - NCN
2021/WK/07, Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Poland, Warsaw)
PGC2018-093636-B-I00, Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (Spain, Madrid) - MINECO
PID2021-126998OB-I00, Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (Spain, Madrid) - MINECO
910059, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Spain, Madrid) - UCM
C14/22/104, KU Leuven (Belgium, Leuven) - KUL
05P21PKCI1 , Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany, Bonn) - BMBF
DE-AC05-00OR22725, Office of Nuclear Physics (United States, Washington) - NP
DE-FG02-96ER40983, Office of Nuclear Physics (United States, Washington) - NP
89233218CNA000001, National Nuclear Security Administration (United States, Washington) - NNSA
DE-AC52-07NA27344, United States Department of Energy (United States, Washington) - DOE
DE-436NA0003899, National Nuclear Security Administration (United States, Washington) - NNSA
DE-NA0002132, National Nuclear Security Administration (United States, Washington) - NNSA
DE-NA0004068, National Nuclear Security Administration (United States, Washington) - NNSA
PN 23 21 01 02, National Institute for Laser Plasma and Radiation Physics (Romania, Bucharest) - INFLPR
PID2019-104390 GB-I00, Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (Spain, Madrid) - MINECO
PID2019-104714 GB-C21, Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (Spain, Madrid) - MINECO
PID2022-140162NB-I00, Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (Spain, Madrid) - MINECO
CISEJI/2022/25, Conselleria de Cultura, Educación y Ciencia, Generalitat Valenciana (Spain, Valencia)
Grant note: We acknowledge the support of the ISOLDE Collaboration and technical teams. The authors thank Dr. Sota Yoshida for valuable discussions and sharing the sdpf-sdg effective interaction [44]. This project was supported by the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Grant Agreement No. 654002 (ENSAR2) and the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 101032999 (BeLaPEx), by the Office of Nuclear Physics, U.S. Department of Energy under Award No. DE-FG02-96ER40983 (UTK) and DE-AC05-00OR22725 (ORNL), by the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. 89233218CNA000001, by the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344, by the National Nuclear Security Administration under the Stewardship Science Academic Alliances program through DOE Award No. DE-436NA0003899, No. DE-NA0002132, and No. DE-NA0004068, by the Romanian IFA grant CERN/ISOLDE and Nucleu Project No. PN 23 21 01 02, by the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO, Belgium) and by BOF KU Leuven (C14/22/104), by the German BMBF under Contracts No. 05P18PKCIA and No. 05P21PKCI1 in Verbundprojekte 05P2018 and 05P2021, by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Research Council (STFC) of the UK Grants No. ST/R004056/1, No. ST/P004598/1, No. ST/P003885/1, No. ST/V001027/1, and No. ST/V001035/1, by the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research under Grant No. 2021B0301030006, by the Polish National Science Center under Grant No. 2020/39/B/ST2/02346, by the Polish Ministry of Education and Science under Contract No. 2021/WK/07, by Spanish MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 under Grants No. PGC2018-093636-B-I00, No. RTI2018-098868-B-I00, No. PID2019-104390 GB-I00, No. PID2019-104714 GB-C21, No. PID2021-126998OB-I00, and No. PID2022-140162NB-I00, by Generalitat Valenciana, Conselleria de Innovación, Universidades, Ciencia y Sociedad Digital under Grant No. CISEJI/2022/25, and by Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Spain) through Grupo de Física Nuclear (910059). The shell-model LD were calculated with kshell [47]. The doorway-state energies and spectroscopic factors were obtained from nushellx@msu [48]. The Hauser-Feshbach calculations were done using the beoh code [49].
Identifiers: 99905265002346
Copyright: Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Open access publication funded by CERN.
Academic Unit: School of Maths and Physics
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article

Compound-Nucleus and Doorway-State Decays of β-Delayed Neutron Emitters ⁵¹,⁵²,⁵³K

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