Abstract
Evaluating the efficiency of universities is essential to gain sustained competitive advantage for regional/national development, especially from the long-run perspective. In this paper, we develop an improved game cross-efficiency (GCE) approach to assess Chinese " 985 Project " universities considering dual-role factors. First, building on the concept of " joint technology " and the GCE approach, we provide a new approach for efficiency analysis with dual-role factors. In addition, we identify a potential inconsistency problem while searching the Nash equilibrium point from a computational perspective. Importantly, we propose an improved searching process that is consistent with the original GCE paradigm. Finally, we illustrate the proposed approach by applying it to " 985 Project " universities in China. The findings validate the importance of adopting the proposed improved approach. ARTICLE HISTORY