Abstract
Climate change endangers approximately 3.6 billion human lives. To limit climate impacts and reduce loss of life, existing urban settlements require proactive transformation, to become climate resilient and sustainable. The review identifies urban design principles that address regional climate change hazards, specified by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The objective of this review is to create a framework to inform design of climate resilient, sustainable urban settlements, specifically neighbourhoods. Following PRISMA-SCR guidance, existing knowledge is integrated to propose a framework comprised of urban design principles at varying urban scales, that resolve common climate hazards for multiple regions. This review proposed a resilient urbanism framework, a set of spatial metrics for climate resilient sustainable neighbourhoods and indicators to assess the success of a design proposal or intervention. The metrics and indicators may have potential for improving urban design practice and the regulatory frameworks influencing where and what is built. Finally, the review highlights knowledge gaps on climate change hazards in the records for Africa, Asia, Australasia, North, Central and South America, and Europe, requiring further research. Small Islands are unrepresented, so related climate hazards are highlighted for academic researcher consideration.