Abstract
The ultimate goal of the Internet of Things (IoT) is to provide ubiquitous services. To achieve this goal, many challenges remain to be addressed. Inspired from the cooperative mechanisms between multiple systems in the human being, this paper proposes a bio-inspired self-learning coevolutionary algorithm (BSCA) for dynamic multiobjective optimization of IoT services to reduce energy consumption and service time. BSCA consists of three layers. The first layer is composed of multiple subpopulations evolving cooperatively to obtain diverse Pareto fronts. Based on the solutions obtained by the first layer, the second layer aims to further increase the diversity of solutions. The third layer refines the solutions found in the second layer by adopting an adaptive gradient refinement search strategy and dynamic optimization method to cope with changing concurrent multiple service requests, thereby effectively improving the accuracy of solutions. Experiments on agricultural IoT services in the presence of dynamic requests under different distributions are performed based on two service-providing strategies, i.e., single service and collaborative service. The simulation results demonstrate that BSCA performs better than four existing algorithms on IoT services, in particular for high-dimensional problems.