The growing urgency of sustainable development has increased the need for advanced analytical tools and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques that can strengthen decision-making across sectors and disciplines. This Special Issue on Analytical Models and AI for Sustainable Development – Enhancing Decision-Making presents a collection of innovative studies showing how quantitative modelling, optimisation, and data-driven intelligence can advance global sustainability goals. Together, these contributions demonstrate the transformative impact of integrating AI, business analytics, and operations research in tackling real-world challenges—from production planning and innovation system efficiency to governance, logistics, health, and financial resilience. By pairing methodological rigour with practical relevance, the studies provide robust frameworks that support efficiency, transparency, and sustainable decision-making in both public and private sectors.