Abstract
The occupational health literature suggests that work-related thinking during off-job time has been identified as a key contributor leading to insufficient psychological recovery and health concerns. This thesis focuses on the three forms of work-related rumination (affective rumination, problem-solving pondering and detachment), indicating psychological recovery from work. Four studies were conducted to investigate the predictors of work-related rumination. The results obtained from Study 1 (Chapter 3) suggested that there is a significant positive association between affective rumination and PTSD, as well as a positive association between affective rumination and compassion fatigue. Furthermore, a significant negative association was found between problem-solving and compassion fatigue. In Study 2 (Chapter 4), results from a cross-sectional investigation revealed a significant negative association between activities in nature and affective rumination, as well as a significant positive association with detachment. Study 3 (Chapter 5) indicated that nature exposure is not a significant predictor of affective rumination, problem-solving pondering and detachment. However, nature exposure was a predictor of digital stress. The moderation analyses revealed that nature exposure was a significant moderator, but with a positive effect on digital stress and affective rumination. Considering the mixed findings of Study 2 and Study 3, it was decided to address the limitations of the cross-sectional studies with an experimental design. Therefore, Study 4 (Chapter 6) investigated the effects of a nature-guided imagery audio relative to a mindfulness body scan and an urban-guided imagery audio on work-related rumination and anxiety. The findings of Study 4 revealed that there are no differences between groups in work-related rumination. However, anxiety levels were reduced among participants in the nature-guided imagery and mindfulness body scan (without a significant difference), but not in those in the urban-guided imagery. In summary, results from this thesis support the potential recovery capacity of activities in nature but provide limited support regarding the benefits of nature exposure. Further work is warranted to test activities in nature and overall nature exposure as possible strategies that could reduce work-related rumination and improve recovery from work. The present study has potential implications for the recovery literature and workplace interventions focusing on improving recovery from work.