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A Thesis of Clinical Research and Practice. Part A. “As if I’m below human or something”: A Reflexive Thematic Analysis Exploring Racism from Mental Health Services for Black People Experiencing Psychosis. Part B. Person-Centred Care for Black People Experiencing Psychosis in Healthcare Services: A Conceptual Review and Visual Model. Part C. Summary of Clinical Assessments and Practice.
Doctoral Thesis   Open access

A Thesis of Clinical Research and Practice. Part A. “As if I’m below human or something”: A Reflexive Thematic Analysis Exploring Racism from Mental Health Services for Black People Experiencing Psychosis. Part B. Person-Centred Care for Black People Experiencing Psychosis in Healthcare Services: A Conceptual Review and Visual Model. Part C. Summary of Clinical Assessments and Practice.

Ellis Brooks
University of Surrey
Doctor of Psychology (PsychD), University of Surrey
31/07/2026
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15126/thesis.902141

Abstract

Reflexive Thematic Analysis Conceptual Review Person-Centred Care Black People Experiencing Psychosis Healthcare Services Mental Health Services Psychosis Qualitative Methods (social sciences) Racism or Race Relation Social Justice

Part A. Black people experiencing psychosis face significant societal disadvantages, due to the historical contexts of slavery, and the racialisation of psychosis that become deeply embedded in mental health services. Notable research demonstrates how institutional inequalities compound racial disparities, and reciprocally worsened outcomes for Black people experiencing psychosis, especially compared to white groups. This includes barriers to access services and treatment, delays, the overreliance towards antipsychotic and depot medication, and greater severity and prolonged durations of untreated psychosis. Addressing existing research gaps, this qualitative study aims to amplify the voices of Black people experiencing psychosis for deeper understandings of how they faced racism, and what recommendations could better support outcomes from mental health services. 

Part B. The origins of client-centred therapy has evolved over time across medicine and healthcare towards patient-centred, and person-centred care. Despite the long-standing history of person-centred care, with key principles such as partnership and shared-decision making, the vast evidence of outcome effectiveness across varied healthcare settings, conditions and populations; lacks sufficient research attention for Black people experiencing psychosis. Addressing this gap, this conceptual review provides a differential approach to empirical research, whilst remaining grounded in these insights in the existing literature on healthcare applications with Black people experiencing psychosis. This synthesised literature, and an examination of an adapted person-centred care framework for people experiencing psychosis identified meaningful implications and applications. These insights contributed towards developing a novel conceptual framework and visual model on person-centred care for Black people experiencing psychosis, with aims to guide care delivery and outcome improvements. This conceptual paper identifies clear and specific future research directions. 

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