Abstract
The delay in action to mitigate climate change has compounded its impacts and there is now a greater dependence on carbon dioxide removal (CDR) to achieve net-zero carbon targets by 2050. This work develops a software framework for optimal decarbonised energy planning to determine the optimum deployment of renewable energy sources, negative emission technologies (NETs), and CO2 capture and storage (CCS), which has been underexplored in previous work. The novel mathematical optimisation-based tools in this work provide rigorous guarantees on the qualities of the solution, subject to planning constraints i.e., budget etc. The application of the software framework is demonstrated with a case study containing seven power plants. In this multiperiod work, CCS deployment is favoured for coal-based power plants due to its highest carbon intensity, while energy-producing NETs (EP-NETs) is deployed for all periods.