Abstract
The criticality of climate change is such that any further delay in mitigation action would result in irreversible damage. This work develops a novel software framework for optimal decarbonisation in energy planning to determine the optimum deployment of renewable energy sources, alternative low carbon fuels, negative emission technologies (NETs) and CO2 capture and storage (CCS). The mathematical programming-based tools in this work provide rigorous optimal solutions, subject to budget, demand, and emission constraints. The application of the software framework is demonstrated with a Malaysian energy decarbonisation case study. The results indicate a heavy reliance on NETs, alongside reductions in coal and natural gas use to achieve CO2 neutrality by 2050.