Abstract
This chapter examines the implications of near‐field (NF) conditions on localization and sensing in wireless networks. We analyze the differences between NF and far‐field (FF) models, emphasizing the challenges and opportunities introduced by this paradigm shift. By exploring the effects of model mismatches and the significance of accurate NF modeling, we aim to provide insights into balancing precise localization and sensing with efficient resource management. Additionally, we present two use cases: one for NF localization using sidelink positioning assisted by reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) and using extremely large aperture arrays. Finally, we shed light on future directions for NF positioning and sensing.