In this chapter, we provide an overview of some of the most significant debates pertaining to contemporary international student mobility. Specifically, the chapter draws on extant literature (both empirical and theoretical) in sociology, geography and education to consider five prominent themes: changes in the geographies of student mobilities; socio-economic diversification in mobile students; migration, citizenship and state-building projects; learning and classroom experiences; and ethics and international student mobility. These themes are not exhaustive, but reflect what we see as some of the most significant developments in the academic literature over the past ten years (Waters and Brooks, 2021). We this hope that this chapter helps to build a better interdisciplinary understanding of international student mobility (ISM), by bringing together scholarship from different areas of enquiry, whilst also pointing to some fruitful directions for future work in this area.