Abstract
In 2015, the international community agreed in Paris to limit any rise in
global average temperature to “well below 2°C above the preindustrial
levels” by the year 2100. Model-based analysis of low-carbon pathways
suggests that global net anthropogenic carbon emissions must decline
by 46% from 2010 levels by 2030 and reach net-zero by 2050. Reaching
this objective requires unprecedented, urgent efforts nationally and
internationally by all stakeholders, including governments, companies,
and households. Such efforts must involve a systemic
transformation of prevailing fossil fuel-based energy systems to clean and
smart energy solutions.