Abstract
Conducting polymers form an important aspect of research in science and engineering due to their various interesting properties, such as inherent high flexibility, structural diversity, light weight, and mechanical stability. Among them, polypyrrole due to its facile and easy synthesis at low cost, high electric conductivity, environmental friendliness, and ease of tailoring into nanocomposites has expanded its applications beyond the original scope of conventional polymers. Considering these properties, incorporation of nanofillers in polypyrrole for fabricating polypyrrole-based nanocomposites is currently receiving immense attention as beneficial resources for developing high-efficient adsorbents for addressing environmental issues. This chapter focuses on the synthesis of polypyrrole and its nanocomposites and the key issues for achieving high performance in the treatment of liquid radioactive wastes. Survey of literature on the recent studies on the uptake of radioactive materials and their nonradioactive homologues via applications of polypyrrole-based nanocomposite adsorbents was made. Finally, general outlook of the future prospects of polypyrrole-based nanocomposites in the removal of radioactive materials and possible problems they may encounter is presented.